Transcript Management of MRSA

The Ugly face of MRSA
(Methicillin Resistant
Staphylococcus aureus)
MRSA is a staph aureus infection that has become
resistant to the class of antibiotics, such as Methicillin
frequently used to treat staph infections.
• MRSA is “Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus
aureus
• Is a bacteria that is resistant to a synthetic
penicillin- methicillin.
• MRSA causes a variety of disseminated, lethal
infections in humans.
• Has the ability to easily transfer resistant genes
to other species directly and indirectly
• Overuse of antibiotics imposes selective
pressures which mediates the acquisition of
resistance
The term Staphylococcus is derived from the
Greek expression staphyle (bunch of grapes).
The term aureus was named due to the
organisms golden appearance when viewed
under the microscope
Objectives
Upon completion of this program, the home
health aide (HHA) and Nurse Aide will be able to:
Define a homecare-associated infection and
hospital acquired infection
Understand the seriousness of an methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and
Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) infection
Identify patients at risk for MRSA/VRE infection
Identify signs and symptoms of infection
Implement MRSA/VRE precautions
Facts About MRSA
There are two types of MRSA;
Community acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA) refers
to MRSA acquired in the community.
Hospital acquired MRSA refers to an MRSA
infection that a patient acquires while in the
hospital.
Staph aureus bacteria are commonly carried
on the skin or in the noses of healthy people.
MRSA frequently lives harmlessly on skin
surfaces of the mouth, genitalia and rectum.
First recognized in 1961 one year after antibiotic
Methicillin was introduced for treating S. Aureus
infections
„Occurs most frequently among persons in
hospitals and healthcare facilities
Community-acquired Methicillin--resistant Staphylococcus
aureus
„MRSA infections that are acquired by persons who have not
been recently hospitalized or had a medical procedure
„About 85% of infections from CA--MRSA are NOT invasive and
will NOT require hospitalization
HA--MRSA which is MRSA acquired in the hospital or health care
setting is a different strain and more serious than MRSA
acquired in the community „
Staphylococci can survive many extreme
environmental conditions.
The bacteria can be cultured from dried clinical
material after several months, are relatively
heat resistant, and can tolerate high salt media.
One of the most common One of the most
common causes of skin infections in the causes
of skin infections in the US.
MRSA infections often present as mild skin or
soft tissue infections, such as an abscess or boil
that occurs spontaneously and may evolve to
include multiple lesions.
People with MRSA skin infections commonly
complain of “an infected pimple,” “an insect
bite,” “a spider bite,” or “a sore.”
MRSA is, quite simply, spread through contact,
most commonly through person-to-person
contact. This can be physical contact with
someone who is infected or who is a carrier. It
can also be passed by physical contact with
objects like bed linens, medical equipment, and
bathroom fixtures that have been touched by a
MRSA-infected person.
In the healthcare field, spread of MRSA mainly
occurs through hands of healthcare workers
from one patient to another when hand hygiene
has not been done properly or when medical
equipment has not been properly disinfected.
Redness
„Warmth
„Swelling
„Tenderness of the skin
„Boils
„Blisters
„May have pus or other drainage
Microbiology of Purulent SSTIs
non-B hemolytic
strep
4%
unknown
9%
other
8%
B-hemolytic
strep
3%
MSSA
17%
MRSA
59%
Moran NEJM 2006; 355: 666-74
Standard and contact precautions are used with
MRSA precautions. Correct hand hygiene and
glove use before, during, and after care is of
critical importance.
Adequate hand hygiene is the simplest, most
effective infection control measure for
preventing and containing MRSA infections.