Transcript ATP
DO Now • What is the photosynthesis formula? • 1. What are the stages of cellular respiration? • 2. What are the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration? Energy needs of life • Animals need energy for… • • • • • synthesis (building for growth) reproduction active transport movement temperature control (making heat) Where do we get energy? • Energy is stored in organic molecules – carbohydrates, fats, proteins • Animals eat these organic molecules food – digest food to get • fuels for energy (ATP) • raw materials for building more molecules – carbohydrates, fats, proteins, nucleic acids ATP What is energy in biology? ATP Adenosine TriPhosphate Whoa! HOT stuff! 2009-2010 Releasing the Energy (Break the Bond) • Break ATP into ADP and P to release energy! • ADP—adenosine diphosphate Harvesting energy stored in food • Cellular respiration: the process of breaking down food to produce ATP • in mitochondria • using oxygen food – “aerobic” respiration – usually digesting glucose • but could be other sugars, fats, or proteins O2 glucose + oxygen energy + carbon + water dioxide C6H12O6 + 6O2 ATP + 6CO2 + 6H2O ATP What do we need to make energy? • The “Furnace” for making energy – mitochondria • Fuel – food: carbohydrates, fats, proteins • Helpers – oxygen – enzymes Make ATP! Make ATP! All I do all day… And no one even notices! food • Product enzymes – ATP • Waste products – carbon dioxide • then used by plants – water O2 ATP CO2 H2O Mitochondria are everywhere!! animal cells plant cells How do we use ATP to do work? Can’t store ATP too unstable only used in cell that produces it only short term energy storage carbohydrates & fats are long term energy storage Whoa! Pass me the glucose & oxygen! ATP Adenosine TriPhosphate Adenosine DiPhosphate ADP A working muscle recycles over 10 million ATPs per second work The Steps of Respiration • 1. Glycolysis (no oxygen required) • 2. Kreb’s Cycle (oxygen required) • 3. Electron Transport Chain (oxygen required) Glycolysis • Convert glucose pyruvate • Occurs in the cytoplasm • Produces 2 net ATP Kreb’s Cycle • Occurs in the mitochondria • Produces CO2 • Produces 2 net ATP per cycle Do Now • What are the reactants and products of respiration? Electron Transport Chain (ETC) • Occurs in the mitochondria (inner membrane) • requires OXYGEN • Produces 32 net ATP ETC • ATP Synthase: enzyme that produces ATP (from ADP + P) when protons pass through (passive transport) • Proton gradient allows this to occur—as electrons travel down the ETC, protons are forced into the intermembrane space (active transport) • OXYGEN is the final electron acceptor—produces H2O ATP How much energy are we talking? Cellular respiration produces a net total of 36 ! ATP Glycolysis Kreb’s Cycle ETC 2 2 32 Total 36 ATP ATP ATP ATP What if oxygen is missing? O2 • No oxygen available = can’t complete aerobic respiration • Anaerobic respiration – also known as fermentation • alcohol fermentation • lactic acid fermentation – no oxygen or no mitochondria (bacteria) – can only make very little ATP – large animals cannot survive yeast bacteria Anaerobic Respiration • Fermentation – alcohol fermentation • yeast – glucose ATP + CO2+ alcohol – make beer, wine, bread – lactic acid fermentation • bacteria, animals – glucose ATP + lactic acid – bacteria make yogurt – animals feel muscle fatigue Tastes good… but not enough energy for me! O2 Do Now Write down the stages of cellular respiration and the amount of ATP produced at each stage Glycolysis Kreb’s Cycle ETC 2 2 32 Total 36 ATP ATP ATP ATP Aerobic v. Anaerobic Respiration Balloon and Yeast Demo • Fact: Yeast undergo respiration • PREDIT: What will happen to the balloon when I mix yeast and sugar in warm water? • ANALYZE: • 1. Why did the balloon swell up? • 2. Why did I add sugar to the yeast? What happens when we DON’T have O2?? Definition: a form of Cellular Respiration that occurs when O2 is absent or scarce. A.k.a. fermentation Fermentation allows glycolysis to continue Note: Fermentation itself does not produce ATP—it allows glycolysis to continue, which produces 2 ATP Anaerobic Respiration: WHERE does it occur? Anaerobic Respiration: 2 Versions Lactic Acid Fermentation Alcohol Fermentation • Produces… • Produces… – Lactic acid (C3H6O3) • Occurs during highintensity exercise • Occurs in your muscle cells • Also in bacteria and fungi – Ethanol – CO2 • CO2 accounts for the carbonation (the bubbles!) • Occurs in yeast and in bacteria Lactic Acid Fermentation Let's hear from the Dr.’s Alcohol Fermentation Other effects of fermentation STOP AND THINK • Why do you use yeast to make bread dough rise? • Why does it make sense that bacteria in your digestive tract undergo fermentation? Guess Who?: Fermentation Edition Guess Who?? • 1. occurs in this organelle: • 2. can occur in the absence of O2 Guess Who?? • 3. occurs here: • 4. produces CO2 as a product • 5. produces ~36 ATP Guess Who?? • 6. Accounts for the burn you feel in your muscles when you exercise • 7. Can make beer • 8. Involves the ETC • 9. Is much less energy-efficient • 10. O2 is the final electron acceptor • 11. Allows glycolysis to continue. Group Activity (~10 minutes) • Create a concept map in your groups using the notecards provided! Fill in yourself the appropriate # of ATP molecules. Glucose Glycolysis(cytosol) O2 Present Aerobic Respiration ~36 ATP CO2 No O2 Present Lactic Acid Fermentation 2 ATP Lactic acid Alcohol Fermentation 2 ATP Ethanol CO2 Exit Slip • How do we differentiate between Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration? Provide at least 3 reasons.