Transcript Dermatology Drugs

Derm drugs are used to treat diseases
of the Skin
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Diseases/Conditions
Include:
Acne Vulgaris
Acne Rosacea
Psoriasis
InfectionsBacterial
Fungal
Yeast
Viral
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Dermatitis
Poison ivy
Diaper rash
Alopecia
Scabies
Vitiligo
Pediculosis
Burns
Skin ulcers
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Because of the
superficial nature and
location to most
dermatologic
conditions they
respond well to
topical treatments and
drug therapy.
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Gel
Cream
Liquid
Lotion
Mousse
Shampoo
ointment
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Types of Drugs
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Topical drugs for the skin can
include:
Keratolytic
Antibiotic
Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Coal tar drugs
Psoralen
Antifungal
Antihistamine
Antipruritic
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This is the type of
acne that is common
during adolescence.
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Large amounts of oil
harden and block the
pores forming reddish
papules. As bacteria
feed on the oil, they
cause infection.
DRUGS to TREATKeratolytic/
Astringent=remove
oil & dead skin to
cleanse the pores
OTC
“TRICLOSAN”
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Clearsil
Oxy
Stri-Dex
Pro Active
RX
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Clindamycin
PanOxyl
Erythromycin
Many of the Rx drugs
contain benzoyl
peroxide
TRICLOSAN
Triclosan is a common ingredient
in many products. It is also found
in …
ANTIBIOTIC DRUGS
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Abx drugs for Acne can be
Topical or Oral
Many of them contain
Salicylic Acid (ASA)
Oral Drugs, which can
provide a systemic effect
They travel through the
blood to kill bacteria in the
deep layers of the skin.
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Doxycycline
Minocycline
Tetracycline
AKA- RETINOIC ACID
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A deficiency of Vitamin A
can produce abnormal
changes in the epithelial
cells of the skin.
These cause the epidermal
cells to multiply more
rapidly preventing pores
from clogging. These
drugs also decrease
inflammation.
ORAL DRUGS CAN BE
PRESCRIBED FOR SEVERE
ACNE VULGARIS
ADULT FORM OF ACNE
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Characterized by
constant blotchy
redness of the cheeks.
Caused by dilated blood
vessels and excessive oil
on the face.
Exacerbated by heat,
stress, skin irritation
“ROSY RED CHEEKS”
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Treated with topical
Abx
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Psoriasis
Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune
disorder that is characterized by
scaly, raised, silvery-red patches on
the skin. It is often resistant to
treatment.
With this condition, the skin is
abnormal at the cellular level,
exhibiting abnormally accelerated
rate of epithelial cell division and
an abnormality of the keratin
producing epi cells.
=Keratinocytes
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Heart brake of
heartbrakesoriasis
Topical Coal Tar Drugs
OTC such as Neutrogena &
T-Gel
Cleanse away dead skin &
decrease itching
Coal Tar is a by product of
the processing of bituminous
coal used for over 200 years
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Topical Vitamin A
Treats ‘A’deficiency
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Oral Vitamin A
Acts systemically to
treat severe cases
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Topical Vitamin D
Activiates receptors in
the keratinocytes to
slow their abnormal
cell growth
Topical
CorticosteroidsReduce inflammation
& itching
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Other DrugsAdalimumab-Humira
Cyclosporin
Efalizumab- Raptiva
Inflizimab- Remicade
Sirolimus – Rapamune
Tacrolimus – Protopic
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Other topical & oral drugs
can be used for moderate to
severe cases.
They are prescription only
and can act as an
immunosuppressant to
suppress the activity of the Tlymphcytes and the immune
system.
Psoralen- treats severe
disabling psoriasis by
exposure to ultraviolet light
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Can occur with breaks in
the skin that allow
bacteria to enter.
Can be treated with
topical Abx drugs such as;
Bacitracin, Neosporin,
Gentamicin
Betadine, Polysporin- All
OTC
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For serious widespread
bacterial infections of the
skin, oral or intravenous
Abx that work
systemically are
prescribed.
CONVENIENT, BUT
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The Soap and Detergent
Assoc. reports that 45%75% of hand & body
wash products contain
antibacterial
compounds.
DEADLY?
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Widespread use of these
products and routine use
of Abx drugs in animal
feed are believed to have
contributed to the rise of
antibiotic resistant
bacteria.
MRSA-found in the noses
of healthcare workers who
passed the bacteria to
their patients who could
not fight it off.
FUNGAL INF
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-conazole- common to
generic antifungal Tx
Like to grow in warm,
dark, moist
environments
Ringworm
Athlete’s Foot
Nail fungus
YEAST INF
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Candida Albicans
Mouth, nails, vaginal,
diaper rash
Treated with anti-yeast
drugs that disrupt the
cell wall of the fungus
Fungi & yeast are
closely related
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Herpes Simplex Virus
type 1-cold sores
Herpes type 2-STD
causes genital herpes
Herpes Zoster Virus
Chicken pox & shingles
HPV-Human Papilloma
Virus causesgenital warts
cancer
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Type 1Acyclovir (Zovirax)
Docosanol (Abreva)
Penciclovir
Type 2Valacyclovir (Valtrex)
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Herpes Zoster Virus
can be prevented with
a vaccine
Chicken Pox Vaccine
Shingles Vaccine
They keep the virus
From reproducing
By working
systemically in the
blood
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Warts (Verrucae)can
be treated with OTC
and Rx drugs
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OTC & Rx
Poison ivy, insect bites, seborrhea, eczema, as
well as yeast, fungal & psoriasis.
Treat inflammation & itching
Hydrocortisone 1st topical corticosteroid drug
approved as OTC
Corticosteroids can be given, intradermally,
injected directly into an infected site, orally,
which exhibits a systemic effect and topically
which gives a local effect.
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Zingo is a new form of
delivering the
anesthetic lidocaine to
the skin prior to IV
administer.
The device is held
firmly to the skin. When
the “start” button is
pushed, the powder
form drug is
administered with a
loud popping sound
like a zing!
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Hair Loss- Alopecia
Affects both men &
women
Male pattern baldness
can be caused by low
testosterone levels
Hormone changes in
women during
menopause can cause
hair to thin as well.
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Drugs to treat
Alopecia include
:Minoxidil (Rogaine)
Finasteride (Propecia)
They work by
blocking enzymes that
cause hair loss and
dilate arteries in the
scalp to increase
blood flow to
stimulate hair growth.
WRINKLES
Drugs used to treat
wrinkles include
topical Vitamin A type
drugs, Injected Muscle
relaxant drugs, or filler
drugs to reduce the
appearance of
wrinkles.
Botulinum Toxin Type
A= Botox relaxes the
muscles so that
wrinkles smooth away
Botox is Clostridium
botulinum= the
bacterium that causes
food poioning.
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Botulinum
Toxin
Eating spoiled food
that contains this
bacterium results in
muscle paralysis &
eventually death from
respiratory arrest.
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Botox “parties” have
become popular.
Food, drinks and
botulinum. Hurray!
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ScabiesCaused by tiny parasites
called “mites” that tunnel
under the skin and cause
tiny lesions. They lay eggs
which hatch in a week.
Can be transmitted
through furniture,
clothing, towels, as well as
contact.
Rx drugs are necessaryElimite, Lindane
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PediculosisInfestation of lice and
their eggs (nits) that can
be found on the body, hair
& pubic area. They feed
on blood. Their bites cause
itching.
Treated with the same
meds, and OTC drugs
such as RID
The nits must be
completely removed and
the area treated. It can be a
painstaking process-
A parasite or a louse
Is shaped like a crab.
The infestations
sometimes referred to
As “crabs”
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The phrase “nit-picking”
refers to pointing out tiny
details, comes from the
process of picking out the
nits from the hair looking
for lice eggs.
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Can be difficult to
manage medically.
May contain necrotic
(dead) tissue which
must be debrided
(removed) may
contain exudate
(drainage) prone to
infection
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Some OTC drugs contain
seaweed and manuka
honey which has been
used since the Ancient
Egyptians discovered it
over 4,000 years ago.
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Autoimmune disorder in which pigment cells in the
skin are slowly destroyed resulting in patchy,
whitish areas which slowly spread.
Drugs can be used to produce pigment (color)
Benoquin, Oxsoralen, Chromelin all Rx