Transcript Unit 3-answer key File

3
Farmers in Yangon,
Myanmar, collect
eggs during an
outbreak of bird flu.
Before You Read
A. Definition. Read the information below and match each word in bold with
its definition.
Whether people are getting sicker from food today than they were 50
years ago is a matter of debate. What is different is that certain types of
bacteria have become more dangerous than they used to be. Toxins
produced by these bacteria pose severe health risks, and people with
weakened immune systems are the most vulnerable. Advances in
processing and sanitation have diminished some foodborne threats, but
new hazards come with changes in lifestyle and food production.
toxins
1. _______________:
poisonous substances created by an organism
2. _______________:
very small organisms that can cause disease
bacteria
3. _______________:
immune system parts and processes of the body that fight illness
4. _______________:
carried into our bodies in the things we eat
foodborne
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Reading Comprehension
Multiple Choice. Choose the best answer for each question.
Gist
Inference
1. What is the reading mainly about?
a. avoiding foodborne bacteria by eating at home, not in
restaurants
b. poor sanitary conditions in restaurants and farms around the
world
c. dangerous foodborne bacteria, their sources, detection, and
control
d. the importance of advanced technology in the fight against
foodborne bacteria
2. What is Joseph Levitt’s opinion about the government’s attitude
before the Rudolph case?
a. It already took foodborne illness very seriously.
b. It was concerned about the number of stomachaches in
California.
c. It didn’t see foodborne illness as a serious public health
problem.
d. It focused too much on disease outbreaks in fast-food
restaurants.
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Detail
Purpose
Detail
3. Why is even a single disease-causing bacterium dangerous?
a. It can mix with other bacteria.
b. It can become billions in a day.
c. Just one can kill a six-year-old child.
d. It can move more rapidly alone.
4. What is PulseNet used for?
a. to match types of bacteria using DNA
b. to identify restaurants with poor sanitary conditions
c. to connect patients with foodborne illness to doctors
d. to catalog sanitary food production methods
5. According to the article, why are people eating more imported
food?
a. We want to have certain foods year-round.
b. Imported foods are usually cheaper.
c. Imported foods are usually safer.
d. Consumers don’t realize their food is imported.
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Paraphrase
Reference
6. What does Carmela Velazquez mean when she says, “The
farmers we’ve trained will become models for all our growers”?
a. The farmers will go on TV to talk about what they learned
from her.
b. More farmers will adopt the habits that were taught to the
other farmers.
c. Both farmers and growers will now work together to assure
food safety.
d. Farmers need to listen to the growers to learn and decide
what works for them.
7. In line 152, these pioneers refers to _____.
a. international food producers who can still turn a profit
b. people who improve sanitary conditions in Costa Rica and
Sweden
c. scientists who create new bacteria-resistant foods
d. journalists who write stories about outbreaks of foodborne
illness
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A. Analyzing. Read the sentences below. In each sentence, underline the
cause and double-underline the effect.
1. I didn’t go to the doctor because I forgot about the appointment.
2. The medicine in our cabinet was old, so we threw it out.
3. The reason I didn’t go to school was that I had a stomachache.
4. The scientist published her findings. Consequently, she was able to
help many people.
5. Due to new health guidelines, all food will be removed from the staff
fridge on weekends.
6. Investigators believe improper hand washing led to the disease
outbreak at the school.
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B. Matching. Look back at the reading on pages 45–47. Match each cause
with its effect.
Causes
1. cutting open food animals in
processing
2. the use of “factory” farms
3. all-year demand for fresh
vegetables
4. improving sanitary conditions on
farms
5. heating of feed
Effects
_____
c
_____
e
_____
a
_____
d
_____
b
a. greater dependence on
imports
b. salmonella-free chickens
c. meat is contaminated by
bacteria
d. fewer cases of
contaminated produce
e. bacteria easily spread from
animal to animal
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Vocabulary Practice
A. Matching. Read the information below and match the correct form of each word
in red with its definition.
In late 2008 to early 2009, a food contamination scare
occurred in the United States involving one of the country’s
most beloved foods—the peanut. It was reported that nine
people died and almost 700 people nationwide were affected
by salmonella poisoning.
The cause of the salmonella outbreak was found to be peanut
products. Peanuts are used in a wide variety of products and
are an integral part of health bars, cookies, ice cream
varieties, and even dog biscuits. Although the Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) does not have the authority to order a
compulsory recall, stores across the country voluntarily
removed peanuts and peanut products from their shelves.
Using DNA technology, the FDA traced the exact type of
salmonella back to a company called Peanut Corporation of
America, that was likely not diligent enough in its testing and
cleanliness. The company has since gone out of business.
˄
According to the
Alabama Peanut
Producers
Association,
Americans consume
1.5 kilograms of
peanut butter per
person every year.
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1. ______________:
necessary because a law or someone in authority
compulsory
says you must
integral
2. ______________:
being an essential part of something
3. ______________:
happening or existing in all parts of a country
nationwide
4. ______________:
hardworking in a careful and thorough way
diligent
5. ______________:
contaminated dirty or harmful because of dirt, chemicals, or
radiation
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B. Words in Context. Complete each sentence with the correct
answer.
a 1. If contamination is confined, it _____.
a. occurs within a certain area
b. has spread to many areas
b 2. The body’s digestive system primarily _____.
a. fights disease
b. takes nutrients from food
a 3. If a project is feasible, it _____ be done.
a. can
b. can’t
b 4. An optimistic person believes that the future will be _____ than today.
a. worse
b. better
a 5. If something is virulent, it is extremely _____.
a. poisonous or deadly
b. mild and pleasant
Word Link The suffix –wide has the meaning of “extending
throughout,” e.g., citywide, nationwide, worldwide.
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3B
˄
A non-genetically modified variety of eggplant that has been attacked by the fruit
and shoot borer insect (left) compared to a genetically modified variety (right) that is
resistant to the insect attack
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Reading Comprehension
Multiple Choice. Choose the best answer for each question.
Purpose
Detail
Paraphrase
1. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
a. to make biotech foods seem as attractive as possible
b. to show both sides of the biotech foods issue
c. to convince the reader that biotech foods are dangerous
d. to explain why biotech foods will probably not be successful
2. Which of the following is NOT practiced by conventional
breeders?
a. using related organisms to breed
b. altering the genetic traits of organisms
c. creating organisms with desired traits
d. transferring just a few genes at a time
3. In line 50, the phrase As far as we know could be replaced by
_____.
a. As a matter of fact
b. As we have said before
c. To the best of our knowledge
d. Since we are discussing this topic
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Inference
Detail
Detail
4. What is the danger of fumonisins?
a. They might cause cancer in humans.
b. They could cause insect resistance to modified corn.
c. They might cause insects to damage corn plants.
d. They could decrease the numbers of insects.
5. Which of these is NOT mentioned as a worry of some scientists?
a. Genetically engineered crops are being developed too quickly.
b. Something could go wrong when moving genes across
dramatically different species.
c. Genetically engineered crops are being released before
they’ve been adequately tested.
d. Genetically engineered species will pollute water and harm
animals.
6. According to the World Health Organization, about how many
children die within a year of going blind from vitamin A deficiency?
a. 140 million
b. 100 million
c. 500,000
d. 250,000
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Main Idea
7. What is the main idea of the final paragraph?
a. With care, the potential of biotech foods could possibly be
realized.
b. The risks of biotech foods seem to outweigh any possible
benefits.
c. The world has already seen great advances due to biotech
foods.
d. Biotech food development has been slowed by the many
risks involved.
Critical Thinking
Evaluating: What is your opinion of biotech foods? Which arguments
presented in the text do you think are the strongest?
Discussion: Would you eat food that has been genetically modified?
Why, or why not?
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B. Completion. Complete the chart using no more than three words from the
reading in each blank.
genetic
slip by undiscovered
allergic
health effects
pesticides
adequately tested
grow crops
public relations exercise
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Vocabulary Practice
A. Completion. Complete the information using words from the box. Three words
are extra.
allergic
notwithstanding
skeptics
conventional
nutritional
traits
diminished
pests
modified
revolutionary
According to a study, Chinese farmers growing rice
that has been genetically 1. _______________
to
modified
enhance insect resistance reduced their pesticide
use by 80 percent. In addition, the genetically
modified (GM) rice seed boosted crop production by
almost 10 percent. There has been resistance to
using GM grains as food crops— but some think this
news from China may signal an important and
possibly 2. _______________
revolutionary change.
> Farmers in China are benefiting
from the use of genetically
modified rice seed.
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allergic
notwithstanding
skeptics
conventional
nutritional
traits
diminished
pests
modified
revolutionary
For the study, two types of rice were genetically altered to resist two
common insect 3. _______________,
which usually require heavy use
pests
of pesticides to control. During the study, the amount of pesticide used
diminished
by farmers 4. _______________
because they saw less need for it.
skeptics
However, there are still many 5. _______________
who don’t trust GM
foods. They worry that there could be unexpected and possibly lifethreatening 6. _______________
reactions to them in humans. Such
allergic
fears and concerns 7. _______________,
notwithstanding proven examples of
problems with GM foods have been quite rare.
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B. Definitions. Match the definitions to the correct form of words from the box
in A.
diminish
1. ________________:
to reduce in size, importance, or intensity
2. ________________:
a characteristic that someone or something has
trait
3. ________________:
to make partial or minor changes to something
modify
4. ________________:
notwithstanding despite
5. ________________:
a reaction whereby you become ill when you eat,
allergy
smell, or touch something
6. ________________:
nutrition/nutrient food that can be absorbed by the body for growth
and health
7. ________________:
a very great change in the way that something is
revolution
done or made
conventional
8. ________________:
usually used
Thesaurus diminish Also look up: (v.) decline, decrease, lessen,
recede, shrink, subside, wane
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Before You Watch
A. Discussion. Discuss these questions with a group.
1. The durian fruit is considered one of the world’s
smelliest foods. It is very popular in Southeast
Asia. Have you ever seen one? Have you ever
tasted one? If so, what did it taste like?
2. Can you think of foods that are both hated and
loved for their unique taste and smell? Look at
the examples below.
3. What food do you like that you think people
from other cultures may not like?
1. Answers will vary.
2. Answers will vary. Other examples may include
kimchi, anchovies, caviar, olives, and liver.
3. Answers will vary.
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Chou tofu is tofu that has been
soaked in a mixture of sour milk,
vegetables, and meat juices. It
means “smelly tofu” in Chinese.
Natto is a traditional
Japanese breakfast
food made of sticky,
slimy, fermented1
soybeans.
Stilton, Roquefort,
and Gorgonzola are
moldy2 “blue” cheeses
widely eaten in Europe.
1 When food is fermented, chemicals are broken down by
microorganisms.
2 Something that is moldy is covered in fungus due to decay.
Surströmming is fish
that has been
fermented for several
months, and then put
into cans for a year.
Popular in northern
Sweden, people
usually eat it outdoors.
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While You Watch
A. Noticing. Circle the words and phrases that the narrator uses to
describe durian.
precious
smelly
natural
strange
bad for business
unique
king of fruit
spiky
tasty
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B. Completion. Complete the summary using words from the box. Four words
are extra.
compulsory
diminishes
notwithstanding
confined
feasible
optimistically
contaminated
integral modified
diligently
In Malaysian Borneo, hotels are involved in a battle with guests over a
very smelly fruit called the durian. The smell of the durian is hard to
describe, and has been compared to rotten fish or a garbage dump. This
compulsory
is why it is 1. _______________
for durians to be kept outside the hotel.
Hotel staff must 2. _______________
keep watch for this food because
diligently
guests often try to smuggle it in.
When the fruit is in season, hotel managers in Kuching must work harder
to keep it out. A hotel that smells of durian will find that the number of
diminishes
guests visiting it quickly 3. _______________.
But since it’s not
feasible
4. _______________
to check every single guest entering the hotel, a
certain number of durians inevitably get through.
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compulsory
diminishes
notwithstanding
confined
feasible
optimistically
contaminated
integral modified
diligently
contaminated
There are several ways to clean a room that has been 5. _______________
by a durian’s smell. One is charcoal, which absorbs the odor slowly. Another
way is to use a machine called an ionizer, which can remove the smell in
three hours or less.
notwithstanding the durian is loved by people all
Its offensive smell 6. _______________,
over Southeast Asia and is commonly regarded as the “King of Fruits.”
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