Transcript 1 Classification Powerpoint

Classification System Notes
June 2, 2016
Biology and Classification

Taxonomy: the branch of biology that groups
and names organisms based on studies of
their different characteristics.
• In other words, taxonomy is the science of
classification
People who study taxonomy are called taxonomists.
Binomial Nomenclature

A two word naming system
◦ (1st name: Genus, 2nd name: Species).

Common Name: The everyday name given to an
organism.

Scientific Name: The two-word Latin name of a
species, always italicised. (Genus species)
◦ Homo sapiens
Domains

All of the organisms in the world are
assembled into three domains:
1. Archaea (archaebacteria)
2. Bacteria (eubacteria)
3. Eukarya (eukaryotes)
The Archaea (archaebacteria)

Archaea have the following characteristics:
◦ Prokaryotic cells
◦ Unicellular
◦ Cell wall (contains no peptidoglycan)
◦ Autotrophic or heterotrophic
◦ Sometimes affected by different
antibiotics than Eubacteria

Habitat:
◦ Often live in extreme environments
 Ex Methanogens Extreme halophiles Hyperthermophiles Ether-containing linkages in the
membranes are more stable than in the
Bacteria & Eukarya
 Are better able to withstand higher
temperatures & stronger acid
concentrations
The Bacteria (eubacteria)

Bacteria have the following characteristics:
◦ Prokaryotic cells
◦ Unicellular
◦ Autotrophic or heterotrophic
◦ Cell wall (contains peptidoglycan)
◦ Sensitive to traditional antibacterial
antibiotics, but are resistant to most
antibiotics that affect Eukarya

Bacteria include:
Mycoplasma
Cyanobacteria
Gram-negative
bacteria
Gram-positive
bacteria
The Eukarya (eukaryotes)

Eukarya have the following characteristics:
◦ Eukaryotic cells
◦ Plant & Animal = multi-cellular
◦ Protists & Fungi = unicellular or multi-cellular
◦ Not all possess a cell wall, but for those
having a cell wall, it contains no peptidoglycan
Levels of Organization for LIFE
K P C O F G S
The Eukarya are subdivided into 4
kingdoms
1.
2.
3.
4.
Protista Kingdom
Fungi Kingdom
Plantae Kingdom
Animalia Kingdom
Protista Kingdom
Simple, predominately unicellular
eukaryotic organisms
 Autotrophic or heterotrophic
 Examples include slime molds, euglenoids,
algae, & protozoans

Fungi Kingdom
 Fungi
are unicellular or multicellular
organisms with eukaryotic cell types
 Have cell walls made of chitin, but are
not organized into tissues
 Heterotrophs
 Obtain nutrients through absorption
 Examples
include
◦ Sac fungi
◦ Club fungi
◦ Yeasts
◦ Molds
Plantae Kingdom
Multicellular organisms composed of
eukaryotic cells
 Cells are organized into tissues
 Have cell walls made of cellulose
 Autotrophic

 Examples
◦ Mosses
◦ Ferns
◦ Conifers
◦ Flowering plants
Animalia Kingdom
Multicellular organisms composed of
eukaryotic cells
 Cells are organized into tissues
 Lack cell walls
 Heterotrophs
 Obtain nutrients primarily by ingestion

 Examples
include
◦ Sponges
◦ Worms
◦ Insects
◦ Vertebrates
Viruses? Living or Nonliving?
Viruses are not part of the classification
scheme because they are nonliving
particles
 Consist of a protein capsid, nucleic acid,
etc… that require a living host in order
to reproduce

Formative Assessment

Let’s grab those clickers!
What type of specimen is described in the table?
Plant cell 3. Bacteria
Animal cell 4. Virus
er
ia
Ba
ct
m
al
ce
ll
ce
ll
0%
6%
Vi
ru
s
12%
nt
2.
82%
Pl
a
1.
Can be found in
multicellular
organisms
Has a nucleus
An
i
Contains
nucleic
acid
Contains
cytoplasm
No cell
wall
Which domain is described below?
DOMAIN
A
41% 1.
59% 2.
0%
3.
KINGDOM
1
Archaea
Bacteria
Eukarya
CELL TYPE
Prokaryotic
MODE OF NUTRITION
Autotrophs/Heterotrophs
Which of the following kingdoms is
not part of the Eukarya domain?
m
op
hi
Th
er
Pr
ot
ist
s
0%
le
s
0%
Fu
ng
i
0%
ia
0%
al
5.
m
4.
An
i
3.
nt
ae
2.
Plantae
Animalia
Fungi
Thermophiles
Protists
Pl
a
1.
100%
What is the biggest difference between
fungi and animal cells?
88%
6%
6%
ce
Fu
ng
i
ce
lls
al
m
An
i
lls
d.
..
...
in
nt
a
co
Fu
ng
i
ar
. ..
0%
e.
..
et
4.
eh
3.
ar
2.
Fungi are heterotrophs.
Fungi contain
chloroplasts.
Animal cells do not have
cell walls.
Fungi cells are part of
bacteria kingdom.
Fu
ng
i
1.
Why can Archaea live in extreme
environments?
6%
3
an
d
2
Bo
th
1
an
d
2
...
Bo
th
av
e
Ha
ve
su
rv
iv
6%
0%
ar
ie
ty
i. .
.
in
.. .
6%
Ca
n
5.
82%
w
4.
to
3.
ab
le
2.
Are able to withstand
higher temperatures
Can survive in stronger
acid concentrations
Have a variety of shapes
Both 1 and 2
Both 2 and 3
Ar
e
1.