Transcript 2009-CapstoneTalk

YOUR TITLE GOES
HERE
Capstone Talk
PHYS 4300
Date:
Author:
Advisor:
Acknowledgements
Outline
• Motivation
• Background
– e.g. Maxwell’s Equations
– e.g. Relativistic Corrections
• Viewgraph Formatting
– Power Point Tricks
– Backgrounds, and Font, Size, Color, & Style
– Bulleted/enumerated lists and hierarchy
– Images, Graphs, Schematics, and Cartoons
– The Perfect Viewgraph
• Conclusions
• Appendix: Prof. John Wilkin’s Rules for Physics Talks
Motivation
Make it simple and interesting -lose them here and they are
gone for good.
• General Motivation
– save the known world
• Specific
– Graphics are important here
Background
Know your audience! use this to get them up to speed.
• Maxwell’s Equations
– Use equation editor for simple equation or import as objects from pdf etc. or
cut and paste using <Print Screen>
• Relativistic Corrections
Viewgraph Formatting
• Font:
– Size - depends on room
– Color - depends on background
– Style - font, italics, bold, shadow, underline etc.
– Backgrounds – keep them simple
• Bulleted/enumerated lists and hierarchy
• Images, Graphs, Schematics, and Cartoons
• The Perfect Viewgraph
Background 1: Good
Background 2: Bad
Background 2: Ugly
Viewgraph Formatting: Font Size
• Depends on room and on font
Can you read me now? (36)
Can you read me now? (32)
Can you read me now? (28)
Can you read me now? (24)
Can you read me now? (20)
Can you read me now? (18)
Can you read me now? (16)
Can you read me now? (14)
Can you read me now? (12)
Can you read me now? (10)
Colors
Can you read me Now?
Can you read me Now?
Can you read me Now?
Can you read me Now?
Can you read me Now?
Can you read me Now?
Can you read me Now?
Can you read me Now?
Can you read me Now?
Can you read me Now?
Can you read me Now?
Can you read me Now?
Can you read me Now?
Can you read me Now?
Can you read me Now?
Can you read me Now?
Can you read me Now?
Can you read me Now?
Can you read me Now?
Can you read me Now?
Can you read me Now?
Can you read me Now?
Can you read me Now?
Can you read me Now?
Readability depends heavily on the
actual output device used.
ON VIEWGRAPH FONTS
[TNR 40]
Tools for Clarity [TNR 28]
 Hierarchy is crucial. [TNR 24]
 Group ideas logically, but be consistent. [TNR 20]
 This adds needed order to a viewgraph. [TNR 16]
But too much “hierarchy” is confusing. [TNR 14]
 For example, can you read this? [TNR 14, 12, 10]
 Colour too is useful. [TNR 24]
 Be consistent within and between viewgraphs. [TNR 20]
 But to not be frivolous. [TNR 16]
Over use of colour is distracting. [TNR 14]
 And some colours really do not work well. [TNR 14]
 Other tricks include distinctive fonts and highlighting. [TNR 24]
 Italics, bold, underlined, shadow and combinations? Be consistent [TNR 20]
 And do not over use. [TNR 16]
For this can be very distracting [Arial16], To say the least [Alg..D 16]
Too much of this is bad.
ON VIEWGRAPH FONTS
[TNR 40]
Tools for Clarity [TNR 28]
 Hierarchy is crucial. [TNR 24]
 Group ideas logically, but be consistent. [TNR 20]
 This adds needed order to a viewgraph. [TNR 16]
But too much “hierarchy” is confusing. [TNR 14]
 For example, can you read this? [TNR 14, 12, 10]
 Colour too is useful. [TNR 24]
 Be consistent within and between viewgraphs. [TNR 20]
 But to not be frivolous. [TNR 16]
Over use of colour is distracting. [TNR 14]
 And some colours really do not work well. [TNR 14]
 Other tricks include distinctive fonts and highlighting. [TNR 24]
 Italics, bold, underlined, shadow and combinations? Be consistent [TNR 20]
 And do not over use. [TNR 16]
For this can be very distracting [Arial16], To say the least [Alg..D 16]
Too much of this is bad.
Demonstration PowerPoint
• Use the predefined blank.pot
– Bulleted items are formatted correctly
• you must use the Title and Text layout to get this bullet layout
– Addition bulleted text boxes should be a copy of this
» Go no deeper than this (and this is too deep)
• Keep text above 16 points (18 preferred) if you want the audience to be able to
read the text
• Group graphical objects together as it makes it easier to modify the layout
– Use multiple groupings
• text and arrow
• text and scale bar
• Etc.
– Then group the groups to have a composite drawing
• Name your PowerPoint Well: DescriptiveTitle-YearMonthDate.ppt
– i.e. DemonstrationPowerPoint-20050610.ppt
Power Point Tricks
• Use Master Page – it does save time!
• I like Font size to be defined by me, and the text box to fit around it.
– <Right Click> <Format Place Holder..> <Text Box> <Resize Autoshape ..>
• Tricks to minimize white space.
– Use “<View> <Ruler>” to minimize bullet-text separation
– Use “<Format> <Line Spacing> - minimum settings of 0.85 line and 0.15
before/after works.
– Maximize figure size. <Copy> <Paste Special, as Picture png> Very useful.
• If bulleted item is > 2 lines you are probably being too verbose.
• For graphs, when you create the plots using whatever software package, use
sensible colors (e.g. Bl R G B, and stay consistent!), thick enough lines, and large
enough fonts.
• Fonts: be sensible Arial is clean and Times New Roman dense.
• Graphics need a title and caption!
• Stealing graphics on the web: <Print Screen>, <Paste> and crop! But you must
cite – best cite below the figure.
Death of a Star
H  He
• Nuclear fusion in
star’s core
He  C
– Occurs in phases
C  Ne
• Massive stars ( >
8 Msun) burn to
Fe peak elements
– Fe core collapses
– Energetic
explosion
• Supernova
– Remnant is
neutron star or
black hole
Ne  O, Mg
O  Si
Si  Fe
Death of a Star
• Nuclear fusion in star’s core
– Occurs in phases
• Massive stars ( M > 8 Msun)
burn to Fe peak elements
– Fe core collapses
– Energetic explosion
• Supernova
– Remnant is neutron star or
black hole
Aug. 21 — -10 days (before max light)
• Again,
higher
metallicity
makes
better
6200Å
feature
• Quality of
fit roughly
the same for
both models
Aug. 21 — -10 days (before max light)
• Again, higher
metallicity makes
better 6200Å
feature
• Quality of fit
roughly the same
for both models
Mass Spectrometry
• We use Isotopic Mass Spectrometry to detect isotopologues (or
isotopomers) in a given gas sample
•In Mass Spectrometry, a sample is prepared, injected, and borne
via an inert carrier gas (He) through a catalytic oven into an
ionization source, where the gas particles are ionized via
electron impact
•These ions are then accelerated through a high voltage static
potential, into a magnetic field, which bends the ions into a
circular path by mass
•A series of sequential Faraday cup detectors then detect the ionized
particles, thus detecting the isotopologues
•For our experiment, we used a Thermo Scientific Delta V Isotope Mass
Spectrometer, outputting all ion currents into the Isodat
Acquisition program
What is Mass Spectrometry?
• Mass spectrometry takes an ionized
sample and differentially separates it
by mass-to-charge ratio (m/z)
• Developed by JJ Thompson in 1897
– 1906 Nobel Prize
• Three common elements to all modern
mass spectrometers
– Ionization Source (converts sample particles)
– Mass analyzer: Deflects charged particles
according to Lorentz Force Law and Newton’s
Second Law: (m/z)*a=E+(v x B)
– Ion currents detected
– Limitation: Some compounds have same mass
Detector
Mass
Analyzer
Ion Source
What is Mass Spectrometry?
• Mass spectrometry (MS) takes an ionized
sample and separates it by mass-to-charge
ratio (m/z)
– e.g. z=1 for singly ionized species, m is mass
of ion in atomic mass units AMU.
• Brief history
Mass Analyzer
Sector Magnet
(uniform B)
1. Ionization Source –ionize gas molecules and
accelerates ions
2. Mass analyzer: Deflects charged particles
according to Lorentz Force Law
3. Detector
• Limitation: Some ions have same mass
e.g. CO+ (m=12+16=28) AMU and N2+
(M=2*14=28).
Single slit
or array
B
– Pioneered by J.J. Thomson in the early 1900s
– First “full” MS demonstrated by William
Aston (1922 Nobel Prize)
– First “modern” MS demonstrated by A.J.
Dempster (circa 1920)
• Three elements in modern Mass Specs
Detector
+
Detector
Ions deflected in arc radius
R
Mass
F  z vAnalyzer
 B  zvB  mv 2 / R
(2)
Solving
forintov circular
in (1),path
inserting
Deflects
ions
into (2)m*v=z*B*R
and rearranging,
1
V m 2
R
(3)
 
B v
Ion
Source
Ion
Source
Ionizes and accelerates particles
Accelerate
z*V=(mv2)/2
through V
1
zV  mv 2
2
(1)
What is Mass Spectrometry?
• Mass spectrometry (MS) takes an ionized
sample and separates it by mass-to-charge ratio
(m/z)
– e.g. z=1 for singly ionized species, m is mass of
ion in atomic mass units AMU.
Detector
Single slit
or array
Mass Analyzer
Sector Magnet
(uniform B)
B
• Brief history
– Pioneered by J.J. Thomson in the early 1900s
– First “full” MS demonstrated by William Aston
(1922 Nobel Prize)
– First “modern” [added sector magnet] MS
demonstrated by A.J. Dempster (circa 1920)
• Three elements in modern Mass Specs
1. Ionization Source –ionize gas molecules and
accelerates ions
2. Mass analyzer: Deflects charged particles
according to Lorentz Force Law
3. Detector: Detects ion currents
• Limitation: Some ions have same mass
– e.g. CO+ (m=12+16=28) AMU and N2+
(M=2*14=28).
mv 2
F  z v  B  zvB 
R
v
+
Ion Source
Accelerate
through V
1
zV  mv 2 (1)
2
(2)
Mass Spec. Equ’n
Solving for v in (1),
inserting into (2),
and re-arranging:
V
R
B
m
 
z
1
2
(3)
Schematic of Mass Spec.
• R of ion trajectories only dependent on (m/z) for
given V and B
• Typically set V and scan B to scan through (m/z)
SWNT Thin Films
 Combine
electrical and optical
properties
 Potential Applications
100
90
80
% Transmission
– Transparent Electrodes
 LCDs
 Touch Screens
70
60
50
NaC
NaC -Rest
SDBS
T100
CTAB
Isopropanol
40
30
20
200
300
400
500
600
700
Wavelength (nm)
800
900
1000
Single-Wall Nanotube Thin Films
 Combine
electrical and optical properties
 Potential Applications
–Transparent Electrodes
–LCDs and Touch Screens
100
Carbon Nanotubes on Glass
Transmission vs. l for SWNTs
Deposited from Various Solutions
90
% Transmission
80
70
500 nm
60
50
NaC
NaC -Rest
SDBS
T100
CTAB
Isopropanol
40
30
20
200
300
400
500
600
700
Wavelength (nm)
800
900
1000
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
image of SWNTs deposited on to glass
Core Collapse – SN Types Ib, Ic, and II
(a)
A massive star has evolved an iron core by fusing silicon.
(b) once the iron core reaches the Chandrasekhar limit, it begins to collapse.
The outer core is represented by black arrows and the inner core by white.
Black arrows are moving supersonically and white are moving subsonically.
(c) the inner core is compressed into neutrons while the gravitational potential
energy is converted and released in a neutrino burst.
Core Collapse – SN Types Ib, Ic, and II
 (d)
material that is still falling inwards (black arrows, outer core)
bounces off the dense core and creates a shock wave which
propagates outwards, represented by the red arrows.
 (e) the shock slows down as energy is used up by nuclear processes,
but neutrino interaction keeps it going.
 (f) outside of the inner core, the material is ejected and only a
degenerate core remnant is left behind.
Core Collapse – SN Types Ib, Ic, and II
a. A massive star has evolved an iron core by fusing silicon.
b. Once iron core reaches the Chandrasekhar limit, it begins to collapse.
(outer core is shown as → & inner core → by white. Black arrows are
→ move supersonically & and → move subsonically.
c. Inner core is compressed into neutrons while the gravitational
potential energy is converted and released in a neutrino
burst.
d. Material that is still falling inwards ( →, outer core)
bounces off the dense core and creates a shock wave
which propagates outwards ( →, red arrows).
e. Shock slows down as energy is used
up by nuclear processes, but neutrino
interaction keeps it going.
f. Outside of the inner core,
the material is ejected and
only a degenerate core
remnant is left behind.
Molecular Beam Epitaxy
(MBE): Self Assembly
Picture of MBE/STM
in situ STM of Dots
15 nm
Anodized Aluminum Oxide Masks
 Tunable diameters: 20 to 500 nm
 Ordered micron-sized domains
Acid: Voltage
Phosphoric: 195 V
Oxalic: 40 V
Sulfuric: 25 V
Pore Size
(diameter)
270 nm
40 nm
20 nm
Ordered Oxalic
Near-Ordered Sulfuric
Pore Separation
(center to center)
500 nm
100 nm
60 nm
Conclusions
• Often a summary and conclusions
Future
• What will be done on the project after you leave/graduate
Prof. John Wilkin’s Rules for Physics Talks
Rules for preparing talk/viewgraphs
 Decide on take-home message.
What do you want listeners to carry away? Design talk to that aim.
 Pick figures and illustrations that deliver take-home message.
 On each viewgraph, put
Title that summarize subject of viewgraph.
Carefully formulated argument.
Conclusion of argument at bottom of viewgraph.
 Practice for:
Length. Shorter is better.
Connectivity. Cleanly segue from one viewgraph to the next.
Clarity . Formulate your ideas accurately and concisely.
Segue
To move smoothly and unhesitatingly from one state, condition, situation, or element
to another.
"Daylight segued into dusk" - Susan Dworski.
How do the world's most celebrated adolescents [sc. the Rolling Stones] segue
into middle age?
http://www.physics.ohio-state.edu/~wilkins/writing/