Transcript Chapter 7
Chapter 5 Life in the Soil T5-1 Soil Science & Management, 4E Objectives • Define the carbon cycle and explain its importance • Briefly describe soil organisms • List ways that soil organisms are important • Describe how to promote populations of beneficial soil organisms T5-2 Soil Science & Management, 4E Terms to Know • • • • • • • • • T5-3 Actinomycetes Aerobic Algae Anaerobic Antagonism Arthropods Autotrophs Bioremediation Carbon cycle • • • • • • • • • Decomposers Denitrification Detritus Fungi Heterotrophs Humus Hyphae Immobilization Inoculation Soil Science & Management, 4E Terms to Know • • • • • • • • • • T5-4 Macrofauna Mesofauna Methane Microfauna Microflora Microorganisms Mineralization Mycelium Mycorrhizae Nematodes • Nitrogen fixation • Nonsymbiotic nitrogen fixation • Organic matter • Parasites • Predators • Primary consumers • Primary producers Soil Science & Management, 4E Terms to Know • • • • • • • T5-5 Protozoa Rhizosphere Saprophytes Secondary consumers Solarization Symbiosis Symbiotic nitrogen fixation Soil Science & Management, 4E The Soil Food Chain and Carbon Cycle Figure 5-1 T5-6 Soil Science & Management, 4E The Carbon Cycle Figure 5-2 T5-7 Soil Science & Management, 4E Microorganisms • Bacteria Figure 5-3 T5-8 Soil Science & Management, 4E Microorganisms • Fungi Figure 5-4b T5-9 Soil Science & Management, 4E Microorganisms • Actinomycetes (See Figure 5-5) • Algae Figure 5-5 T5-10 Soil Science & Management, 4E Distribution and Functions of Microorganisms • Microfauna T5-11 Soil Science & Management, 4E Distribution and Functions of Microorganisms • Distribution in the soil Figure 5-6 T5-12 Soil Science & Management, 4E Distribution and Functions of Microorganisms • Nutrient cycling Figure 5-7 T5-13 Soil Science & Management, 4E Distribution and Functions of Microorganisms • Nutrient cycling Figure 5-8 T5-14 Soil Science & Management, 4E Distribution and Functions of Microorganisms • • • • • T5-15 Nitrogen fixation Nitrification Denitrification Soil structure Mycorrhizae Soil Science & Management, 4E Core of Nitrogen Cycle Figure 5-11 T5-16 Soil Science & Management, 4E Distribution and Functions of Microorganisms • Breaking down chemicals • Methane bacteria • Other functions T5-17 Soil Science & Management, 4E Promoting Soil Organisms • Inoculation • Soil conditions • Controlling harmful organisms T5-18 Soil Science & Management, 4E Soil Animals • • • • T5-19 Nematodes Arthropods Earthworms Mammals Soil Science & Management, 4E Summary • Carbon cycle—Primary producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, and decomposers – Role of microorganisms as decomposers, is decay of organic matter • Nutrients are returned to the soil and carbon is returned from plants to atmosphere • Bacteria-decay organic matter (symbiotic and nonsymbiotic) • Need proper soil conditions to grow and multiply – Common soil animals are nematodes, arthropods, and earthworms T5-20 Soil Science & Management, 4E