Transcript Genetic Engineering

How did this happen?
Genetic Engineering
L.O: To understand the process
of genetic modification.
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Dolly
Genes
Nucleus
Cloning
Surrogate
Asexual
Cutting
Embryo
Clone
Chromosomes
What do you think about GM
wheat?
GMO Wheat May Help Solve Food Crisis, Australian Scientist Says
Aya Takada
July 4, 2008
Wheat genetically modified to tolerate drought would boost crop
yields and may help the world resolve a food crisis, an Australian
state researcher said.
Genetic Engineering
• Genetic engineering takes genes from one
organism, and places them into the
chromosomes of another organism. It alters
an organism's genetic code, and works
because there is only one code for life
• The set of instructions for which a gene is
responsible work whichever organism the
gene is in, e.g. a gene for luminescence from
a jellyfish can be added to a frog, making it
luminescent too!
Genetic Engineering
Genetic
engineering
involves directly
changing the genes
The desired gene is cut out of one organisms using
enzymes and inserted into another gene again using
enzymes
Genetic
engineering is
used to
produce insulin
for diabetics
The gene
for
producing
insulin was
located in
human DNA
This is then
cut out and
inserted into
bacteria DNA
using enzymes
The bacteria
are then left
to reproduce
asexually
(clone)
Each
bacteria has
the inserted
gene and will
now produce
insulin
The science of genetic engineering
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© Boardworks Ltd 2011
Genetically engineering bacteria
15 of 20
© Boardworks Ltd 2011
What would you genetically modify and
why
Other examples
Transgenic plants have been developed
for various purposes: resistance to
pests, herbicides or harsh
environmental conditions; improved
shelf life; increased nutritional value.
Genetic Engineering Pros and Cons
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Pros
Can be used to treat diseases (cut
out genes)
Could be used to reduce the
impact of genetic disease
May be possible to genetically
engineer animals to harvest
human organs
Plants growth rate could be
improved therefore saving money
and providing more food
GM foods could have a longer
shelf life
You could modify food so it grows
in any conditions, helping hunger
problems
Fruit and Vegetable ripening rate
can be changed
Animals e.g. cattle can be made to
grow faster
Cons
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‘playing god’
Reducing the ‘gene pool’
It might not work (genes are
complicated!) and you would
waste money
The effects aren’t yet known long
term concerns include pesticide
resistant insects
Genes could spread into the
wildlife in other places or often the
plants aren’t fertile so seed would
need to be bought every year
Designer babies is a concern for
many people