Transcript Biological Control Principles - doc-developpement

Biological Control Principles
Natural Control
Biological Control
Definition
“The use of living organisms to suppress the
population of a specific pest organism,
making it less abundant or less damaging
than it would otherwise be”
(Eilenberg et al., 2001)
Biological Control
Predators
• Feed on all stages of prey
• Predators kill more than one individual
• Not highly specialized
• Chewing and sucking predators
• More than half are Coleoptera
Parasitoids
• Endo and Ecto parasitoids
• Parasitoid larvae are the ones feeding
• Solitary or gregarious
• Multiple parasitism
• Superparasitism
• Egg, larval, pupal and adult parasitoids
Parasitoids can alter host behavior
Parasitoids can alter host behavior
Bio-control is Diverse!
Pathogens
•
•
•
•
•
Bacteria
Fungi
Viruses
Nematodes
Protozoa
Pathogens
• Survive longer in the field
but have low virulence
• Biological alternative to
chemical insecticides
Bacteria
Out of all, Bacillus thurigiensis is the most used
• 1921: reported in
Japan.
• 1940s: Commercial
prep. Available in
France
Crystals containing poison
• 39% of
biopesticides
• Lep, Dip and Colep
strains
Viruses
• Out of 6 groups only 3 are safe:
-Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (NPV)
-Granulosis visus (GV)
-Citoplasmic Polyhedrosis Virus (CPV)
• Family Specific
• Need to be ingested
Fungi
• Can penetrate cuticle
Nematodes
• Three important families:
- Steinenermatidae
- Heterorhabditidae
- Mermithidae
• Useful for soil and bark
insects
Bio-control is Diverse!
Biological Control is not always
applicable
Low Economic Injury Levels
High Pest Density
Eradication Programs
Biological control is an old practice
The three methods of Bio-control
• Classical Biological control
• Augmentation
- Inoculation
- Inundation
• Conservation Bio-control