Transcript Genus species

Domain
Archae
# of cells
Type of
cell w/
regard to
organelles
Mode of
nutrition
Example
species
Domain
Bacteria
Kingdom
Protista
Kingdom
Plantae
Kingdom
Animalia
Kingdom
Fungi
# of cells
Type of
cell w/
regard to
organelles
Mode of
nutrition
Example
species
Domain
Archae
Domain
Bacteria
Kingdom
Protista
Kingdom
Plantae
Kingdom
Animalia
unicelled
unicelled
unicelled,
colonies and
multicelled
multicelled multicelled
Kingdom
Fungi
multicelled,
but rarely
unicelluled
# of cells
Domain
Archae
Domain
Bacteria
Kingdom
Protista
Kingdom
Plantae
unicelled
unicelled
unicelled,
colonies and
multicelled
multicelled multicelled
multicelled,
but rarely
unicelluled
prokaryotic
eukaryotic
eukaryotic
eukaryotic
Type of
prokaryoti
cell w/
c
regard to
organelles
Mode of
nutrition
Example
species
Kingdom
Animalia
eukaryotic
Kingdom
Fungi
Kingdom
Animalia
Kingdom
Fungi
unicelled,
multicelled
colonies and
multicelled
multicelled
multicelled,
but rarely
unicelluled
Type of
prokaryotic prokaryotic
cell w/
regard to
organelles
eukaryotic
eukaryotic
eukaryotic
Mode of
nutrition
autotrophic Photoheterotrophic heterotrophi
or
autotrophic
heterotrohic but rarely
hetero.
# of cells
Example
species
Domain
Archae
Domain
Bacteria
Kingdom
Protista
unicelled
unicelled
Chemoautotrophi
c
autotrophic
or
heterotr.
Kingdom
Plantae
eukaryotic
# of cells
Domain
Archae
Domain
Bacteria
Kingdom
Protista
Kingdom
Plantae
unicelled
unicelled
unicelled,
multicelled
colonies and
multicelled
Kingdom
Animalia
Kingdom
Fungi
multicelled
multicelled,
but rarely
unicelluled
Type of
prokaryotic prokaryotic eukaryotic
cell w/
regard to
organelles
eukaryotic
eukaryotic
eukaryotic
Mode of
nutrition
Chemoautotrophi
autotrophic c
or
heterotr.
autotrophic
or
heterotrohic
Photoautotrophi
c
but rarely
hetero.
heterotrophic
heterotrophi
Example
species
methan.
halophiles
thermo.
Paramecium
slime mold
kelp
moss
apple
fern
sponge
earthworm
chimp
yeast
mushroom
Penicillium
E. coli
Staph.
cyanobact.
Classification:
Organizing the Unity & Diversity of Life
Why organize?
• Since Darwin
– Known species increased to 1.8 million
• Millions more to be discovered
• Tropics & deep sea
Systematics
• Science of naming & grouping organisms
– To understand diversity
– To organize by evolutionary relationships
• Taxonomy
– Naming & grouping by criteria such as
appearance
Naming & Grouping
• Naming: Genus species
Felis concolor
– Common names
• confusing
• not universal
– Ex.
• Cougar, puma, panther,
mountain lion = Felis concolor
http://www.exoticcatz.com/photoalbum/albums/userpics/10001/normal_cougar~0.jpg
International confusion
In UK, “buzzard” = hawk
http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/staticfiles/
In US, “buzzard” =
vulture
http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2062/1895127243_b8956555d3.jpg
Binomial nomenclature:
(2-part scientific name)
• Developed by
– Linnaeus – Swedish botanist
• You should know:
– In Latin
– In italics
– 2 parts:
• Genus
– Group of closely related species
• species
– Description of habitat or important trait
Ursus maritimus
Ursus contains 5 other species
of bears.
maritimus means sea
http://www.quantum-conservation.org/EEP/POLAR%20BEAR.jpg
Ursus arctos
Can you guess what
Acer rubrum
looks like?
Acer = maple
rubrum = red
http://www.raveplants.com/images/wettolerant/acer_rubrum.jpg
Taxa = ranking level
• Originally, Linnaeus had 4 levels
• Now = 7 taxa
Kingdom King
Phylum
Phillip
Class
Came
Order
Over
Family
Genus
For
Good
species
spaghetti
Kingdoms then & now
• Then
– 2 kingdoms
• Plants
• Animals
• Now
– More kingdoms added as
knowledge increases
– 6 kingdoms
• Eubacteria
• Archaebacteria
• Protista
• Fungi
• Plantae
• Animalia
Domains
• Larger category than kingdoms
• 3 domains recognized
– domain Bacteria: Eubacteria
– domain Archaea: Archaebacteria
– domain Eukarya: Fungi, Plantae, Animalia,
“Protista”
Modern Evolutionary
Classification
• Darwin’s “tree of life”
– Descent with modification
• Phylogeny = grouping by evolutionary
descent
– Share more recent
common ancestor
– Clade = includes all
species from
common ancestor
http://mikeely.files.wordpress.com/2009/02/darwins_first_tree_of_life.jpg
Cladogram
• Shows how evolutionary lines branched off
from common ancestors
• Branch point (node)
– Speciation
• Root
– Common ancestor
DNA in classification
• Shared genes determine evolutionary
relationships
– Ex.
•
•
•
•
All Eukaryotic cells have mitochondria
Mitochondria have their own genes
Genes mutate over time
Shared genes show how recently organisms shared
common ancestor