Transcript Part III
Life’s Inner Community Energy Converting Organelles Chloroplast Mitochondrion Life’s Inner Community Energy Converting Organelles Fluid filled filled space where either + or Outer membrane Fluid Folds of thespace innerwhere membrane the chemical increase its - ions accumulate forming surface reactions area of cellular enhancing respiration the aorganelles occur. ability chemiosmotic gradient that drives to produce ATP. Inner membrane chemical reactions. Intermembrane compartment This membrane is embedded with the enzymatic proteins that make ATP as ions matrix travel along an chemiosmotic gradient cristae created by this barrier. Energy Converting Organelles Life’s Inner Community Intermembrane compartment High H+ conc. Chemiosmotic Gradient ATP synthase Inner membrane ATP matrix Low H+ conc. Outer membrane 1 Inner membrane2 Intermembrane 3 compartment matrix4 cristae5 Because mitochondrion have their own DNA and ribosomes and can self-replicate, some cell biologists have hypothesized that they were once a free- living protokaryotes (bacteria) and have since become endosymbionts. Fact: eukaryotes inherit their mitochondria from one parent. Humans inherit mitochondria from their mother. Life’s Inner Community Energy Converting Organelles Most of the living world runs on the chemical energy provided by photosynthesis. Chloroplasts Chloroplasts are the are the photosynthesizing organelles found in plants and protists. Gk: chlor ~ green, plast ~ formed, molded Life’s Inner Community Energy Converting Organelles Outer membrane Inner membrane Stroma Thylakoid Channel Granum Chloroplast Gk: thylak ~ sac, pouch Life’s Inner Community Granum Inner Stroma Thylakoid isare amembranes thick stackfluid works of to Outer membrane membrane act together where contain thylakoids. sugars the with chlorophyll are the made compartmentalize the membrane from molecules CObiochemistry Suspended at helping capturein complex of 2. that compartmentalize the light stroma energyisfrom anand elaborate the the photosynthesis to sun help stroma network and converts and of disklike form it into create chemiosmotic chemiosmotic membranous chemical gradients. gradientsenergy. thatsacs will called be used thylakoids. to provide the “motive” force for some reactions. Energy Converting Organelles Outer membrane Inner membrane Stroma Thylakoid Channel Granum Chloroplast Life’s Inner Community Energy Converting Organelles Because Chloroplasts have their own DNA and ribosomes and can selfreplicate, some cell biologists have hypothesized that they were once a free- living Chloroplasts protokaryotes (bacteria) and have since become endosymbionts. Life’s Inner Community Plastid Starch Globules Starch created by Plastidsglobules are double connecting membranessugars storagemade via photosynthesis. organelles found in Starch the primaryare raw plants. is Chloroplasts plastids. can material Plastids that phototrophs store use topigments, constructstarch cell walls. and lipids as well as thylakoids. Energy Converting Organelles Mitochondria Plasma Membrane Plastids Cell Wall Go to Part 1