Transcript Archaebacteria and Eubacteria

Archaebacteria and Eubacteria
By the CRIME MOB minus one
And plus Tim
Some terms U Should NO
More Terms U should NO
• Plasmid- A linear or circular double-stranded
DNA that is capable of replicating
independently of the chromosomal DNA
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• Peptidoglycan- A polymer that serves a
structural role in the bacterial cell wall, giving
structural strength, as well as counteracting
the osmotic pressure of the cytoplasm. It is
also involved in binary fission during bacterial
cell reproduction
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• Flagella- Long, slender, threadlike, whiplike
extension of certain cells or unicellular
organisms used mainly for movements
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• Gram stain technique- used to distinguish
between gram-positive and gram-negative
bacteria, which have distinct and consistent
differences in their cell walls
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• Obligate anaerobes- anaerobic organisms
which fail to grow in the presence of oxygen
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• Obligate aerobes- require oxygen for aerobic
cellular respiration. In a process known as
cellular respiration, these organisms use
oxygen to oxidize substrates (for example
sugars and fats) in order to obtain energy.
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• Facultative anaerobe- an organism, usually a
bacterium, that makes ATP by aerobic
respiration if oxygen is present but is also
capable of switching to fermentation. In
contrast, obligate anaerobes die in presence
of oxygen.
How This Kingdom Gets Nutrients
• Photoautotrophs- create nutrients by using
sunlight as a source and carbon dioxide
How This Kingdom gets Nutrients
• Chemoautotrophs- obtain nutrients from
inorganic substances and utilizes the carbon
dioxide to make natural compounds.
How This Kingdom Gets Nutrients
• Saprophytes- Organisms that obtain their
nutrients from decaying plants and animals
How This Kingdom Gets Nutrients
• Parasites- An organism which obtains food
and shelter from another organism
How This Kingdom Gets Nutrients
• Decomposers- organisms, mostly bacteria and
fungi that recycle nutrients from decaying
organic material. They break down detritus,
nonliving organic matter, into inorganic matter
Distinguishing features of Kingdom
Archaebacteria
• The kingdom Archaebacteria is biochemically
different from Eubacteria. Most of these
species can or have adapted to extreme
environments such as extreme temperatures,
or acidity of their environment. They only
reproduce asexually and there are only about
100 species.
Examples of ArchaeBacteria
• Methanogens-common in wet lands and guts
of animals. Produces marsh gas and are
responsible for methane in flatulence
• ex. Methanobacterium, bryantii
Examples of ArchaeBacteria
• extreme halophilesare extremeophiles that
live in high concentrations of salt Live in areas
with the salt concentration being 5X greater
than that of the ocean
Examples of ArchaeBacteria
• thermoacidophiles Live in areas with the
temperature being 70-80 degrees C Thrive in
acidic and sulfurous areas
Examples of Eubacteria
• Cyanobacteria, Also known as blue green
algae, get NRG through photosynthesis it is a
primary producer in the ocean
Examples of Eubacteria
• Chemosynthetic Bacteria, Can survive without
light NRG, One of the oldest forms of life use
the oxidation of sulphides as an energy source
are the basis of a food
Examples of Eubacteria
• Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria, use nitrogen is taken
from its relatively inert molecular form (N2) in
the atmosphere and converted into nitrogen
compounds
Examples of Eubacteria
• Spritochetes Long slender bacteria and they
are tightly coiled this can cause syphilis and
lyme disease
Shapes Of Bacteria
• Coccus- are spherical shaped
Shapes of Bacteria
• Bacillus- are rodlike shaped
Shapes of Bacteria
• Spirilla – are curved or spiriled
Arrangements
• Strepto: the prefix for this means twisted
chain
Arrangements
• Staphylo: means grape like
Arrangements
• Diplo: this means Double
• Gram-positive bacteria organisms- are able to
retain the crystal violet stain because of the
high amount of peptidoglycan in the cell wall.
• Gram-negative bacteria organisms- cell walls
in particular the lipopolysaccharide (also
known as LPS or endotoxin) layer.(which does
not hold in the violet stained crystals)
Ways Bacteria Can be Harmful
• Can Infect You
• Can Cause Permant Damage
• Can Kill You
Ways Bacteria Can Be Helpful
• One way bacteria can be helpful is bacteria live in the
intestines of human beings. They help in digestion
and in destroying the harmful organisms. Intestinal
bacteria also produce some vitamins required by the
human body another way bacteria are good is that
some of them help break down lactose in the
digestive tract the third reason is Some bacteria
present on the skin protect us from the spread of
certain fungus