Transcript The Six Kingdoms

Carl Linnaeus 1707-1778
 Born in Sweden
 Carl Linnaeus is known as?
"The Father of Taxonomy.“
 First scientist to use the
system of bionomial nomenclature
or “…………….” system?
“Two name”
What is Binomial
nomenclature?
“BI” = two
“NOMIAL” = name

System of naming organisms
by using two words:
1st word: Genus capitalized
2nd word: species - lowercase

Both written in italics.
What is the scientific name for humans?
Homo sapiens
Why do scientists use
Binomial Nomenclature?
 It makes it easy for scientists to communicate
about an organism because everyone uses the
same name for the same organism
 What is the correct name of this wild cat?
a. Puma
b. Cougar
c. Mountain Lion
 The correct scientific name is……….
Felis concolor
 And, it is a Mountain Lion
What is Taxonomy?
 Taxonomy is the science of naming,
describing and classifying organisms
which includes:
 Plants
 Animals
 Fungi
 Protists
 Microorganisms of the world
What is Classification?
 Process of grouping organisms
based on their similarities
 Today scientists can
classify organisms
based on their genetic
or DNA similarities
- Domains and Kingdoms
Three Domains of Life
 Domain is the highest or broadest level of
classification
 There are three types of Domains:
Modern Bacteria
Ancient Bacteria
The Eight levels of Classification
 Domain: * Largest level
* Not related at all
 Kingdom:
 Phylum:
 Class:
 Order:
 Family:
 Genus:
 Species: * Smallest number
of members
* Closely related
* Can reproduce
Animal classification…..
Sumatran Tiger: Pathera tigris
 Domain: Eukarya
 Kingdom:
Animalia
 Phylum:
Chordata
 Class:
Mammalia
 Order:
Carnivora
 Family:
Felidae
 Genus:
Pathera
 Species:
tigris
How can I learn the levels of
classification? Use an Acronym!
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Domain:
Kingdom:
Phylum:
Class:
Order:
Family:
Genus:
Species:
Did
King
Philip
Come
Over
For
Good
Spaghetti?
 Can you make your own acronym to help
you learn the levels classification?
Review
Question
Why do scientists
classify?
What system did
Linnaeus use to name
organisms?
What are the levels of
classification?
Answer
Scientists classify to
help organize living
things into groups so
they are easier to study
He used a system
called binomial
nomenclature.
Domain, kingdom,
phylum, class, order,
family, genus, species
Review
Question
Answer
What is a
Domain?
The highest or
broadest level of
classification
Bacteria
What are the
3 domains?
What is
Taxonomy?
Archae
Eukarya
The science of naming,
describing and
classifying organisms
HOMEWORK
 Come up with your own
acronym for the eight
levels of classification
 Due: Tomorrow
The Six Kingdoms
The Six Kingdoms
 When Carolus Linnaeus developed his system
of classification, there were only two
kingdoms: Plants and Animals
 The use of the microscope led to the discovery
of new organisms and the identification of
differences in cells
 Today the system
of classification
includes six kingdoms
The Six Kingdoms
 Plants
 Animals
 Protists
 Fungi
 Archaebacteria
 Eubacteria
How are organisms placed
into their kingdoms?
 Cell type: complex or simple
 Their ability to make food
 The number of cells in their body
 Do they have a “True” nucleus
(Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes)
Animal Kingdom
 Belongs to the Domain Eukarya
 The largest kingdom with over 1 million known
species
 All animals consist of many cells,
they are? multicellular
 They are eukaryotes – have a nucleus
 They are also heterotrophs:
* Organisms that can’t make their own food
 Found in the most diverse environments in the
world
Plant Kingdom
 Belongs to the Domain?
* Eukarya
 Has over 250,000 species
 Second largest kingdom
 Plant species range from the tiny
green mosses to giant trees.
 Plants are autotrophs, which means?
* Organisms that make their own food
 All plants are multicellular
 Consists of complex eukaryotic cells
Fungi
 Mushrooms, mold and mildew are all
examples of organisms in the kingdom fungi
 Most fungi are
complex cells
multicellular
consists of many
 They have a nucleus, they are?
Eukaryotes
 Biologists once confused fungi with plants, but fungi
cannot make their own food. They are called?
Heterotrophs
 Which domain do they belong in?
Eukarya
Protists
 Slime molds and algae are protists
 Sometimes they are called the “Odds and ends” kingdom
and belong in the
Eukarya
domain
 Why are Protists the “Odds and ends” kingdom?
* Because it includes all microscopic organisms that are
not bacteria, not animals, not plants and not fungi.
 Most protists are one- celled or
unicellular
but,
some are multicellular
 Unlike bacteria, protists are more complex, they are?
Eukaryotes
Protozoans
 These microscopic
unicellular animals
belong to which Kingdom?
Protists kingdom
Paramecium
Sprirostoma
Giardia
Amoeba
We are probably one of the most unique organisms. We are
a type of algae in the Protists kingdom. What are we?
DIATOMS
Archaebacteria
 Discovered in 1983 deep in the
Pacific Ocean where hot gases
and molten rock boiled into
the ocean.
 What does “Archae” mean?
* Ancient or very old
 Found in extreme environments such as:
* Hot boiling water
* Thermal vents where there is no Oxygen
* Extreme cold temperatures
* Very acidic environments
Archaebacteria
cont……
 We are unicellular organisms
called bacteria
 We belong in which domain?
* Archae
 Scientists believe these
were the first organisms on the ancient earth
4 BYO (4 billions years ago)
Eubacteria
 Modern bacteria
 Bacteria that are chemically
different from Archaebacteria
 Most are helpful, even harmless
 Many are pathogenic, which means?
* Disease causing
 Can be heterotrophs or autotrophs
 Which domain do they belong in?
Bacteria domain
Review Questions – Six kingdoms
1.
What are the Six Kingdoms?
Answer: Plants
Animals
Archaebacteria
Protists
Fungi
Eubacteria
2. How are organisms placed into their kingdoms?
Answer: a) Cell type
b) Number of cells
c) How they make their food
d) If they have a “true nucleus” or not
3. Which Kingdom is the largest?
Answer: The Animal Kingdom = over 1 million species
4. Organisms in the Plant Kingdom can make their own food?
TRUE
or FALSE
Answer: TRUE They photosynthesize Ex: Trees, flowers….
5. Mushrooms belong in the Fungi Kingdom? TRUE or FALSE
Answer:
TRUE
6. Which kingdom is called the “Odds and ends” kingdom?
Answer: The Protists Kingdom
7. What are Archaebacteria?
Answer: The oldest – ancient bacteria
8. How long ago did the first Archaebacteria exist?
Answer: 4 Billion years ago
9.
Most bacteria in the Eubacteria Kingdom can be harmless,
even helpful.
TRUE or FALSE
Answer: TRUE
10. What are the 3 Domains of Life?
Answer:
1. Bacteria Domain = Modern bacteria or Eubacteria Kingdom
2. Archae Domain = Archaebacteria Kingdom or Ancient bacteria
3. Eukarya Domain = Animal, Plant, Fungi and Protists Kingdoms