Transcript Vibrio parahaemolyticus

BCCDC. (2012). Vibrio bacteria[Photograph]. BC Centre for
Disease Control, Vancouver . Permission to reprint by
BCCDC."
-George Vuong
Goal
 The audience will understand V.
parahaemolyticus based on clinical tests,
symptoms, treatment, route of transmission,
and diagnosis/prognosis of this species.
Image From Microsoft Clip Art
Objectives
After this presentation the audience will:
 Identify the etiologic agent: V. parahaemolyticus
 Discuss the routes of transmission for this Vibrio
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species
Differentiate the symptoms of V. parahaemolyticus
to other Vibrio species
Propose how the diagnosis is achieved through
symptoms and clinical tests
Evaluate the prognosis after detection
Access the risk factors related to V. parahaemolyticus
Review the different treatments after diagnosis
Theorize the prevention and look at the epidemiology
of V. parahaemolyticus
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
 Curved gram negative rod
 Halophilic bacteria
 Lives in brackish saltwater
 It is known to cause gastrointestinal sickness.
 Naturally inhabits coastal waters in the U.S. and Canada
 Epidemiology
 Cannot be transferred from human to human unless
fecal to oral route
 Often during summer months in shellfish and fish
 Colder months can be found in mud/bottom of marine
environments
Routes of Transmission
 Associated with consumption of raw or contaminated
seafood
 Raw fish or shellfish
 Incubation period of 4-30 hrs.
 Temp*** and salinity
 V. parahaemolyticus levels
 Kaufman and others (2003)
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BCCDC. (2012). Oysters[Photograph]. BC Centre for
Disease Control, Vancouver
. Permission to reprint
by BCCDC."
June, July, and September range
from 200 to 2000 CFU/g in 90% of the oysters.
 Cook and others (2002) in the same waters.
 V. parahaemolyticus in 94.2% of shellfish, above 25 ◦C,
 Only 14.9 below 10 ◦C.
Symptoms
 Acute gastroenteritis
 Nausea
 Vomiting
 Abdominal cramps
 Low-grade fever
 Chills
 Diarrhea
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Image From Microsoft Clip Art
Watery and can be bloody
Diagnosis
 Green on TCBS agar
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V. vulnificus is also Green
V. cholera is yellow
 ONPG (Neg)
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V. vulnificus is Pos
 Growth on 8% NaCl nutrient broth
 Citrate (Neg)
 Lactose(Neg)
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V. vulnificus is pos for Citrate,
Lactose and β-D-galactosidase
 Oxidase positive
Schwarz, J. (1989). Vibrio parahaemolyticus[image]. Seafood
Safety Lab, Galveston, Texas. Permission to reprint by SSL.
Prognosis
 Usually recovers after 3 days
 Typically no long-term consequences.
 Bloodstream infections and death only occurs in those
who are immune compromised or an underlying
condition.
Risk Factors
 Consumption of raw or improperly cooked
fish/shellfish.
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With alcohol
 Underlying medical conditions
Bronx ale house. (2012). image3[photograph]. Bronx, NY.
Permission to reprint by BAH.
Treatment
 Rehydration
 “Gatorade”
 Severe cases
 Hospital Admission
 Antimicrobial therapy
Gatorade. (2012). Gatorade
lemon lime[image], Galveston,
Texas. Permission to reprint by
Gatorade.
Prevention
 Not all strains cause illness.
 Usually occurs when the bacteria numbers are increased
 Summer/warm areas
 Seafood stores/companies monitor the bacteria levels to
know when to collect/sell shellfish.
 Education on shellfish consumption
 Cook thoroughly!
Puckett, H. (2010). Grilled Oyster-M[photograph], Coastal
Living, Tampa, Fl. Permission to reprint by TILG.
References
 Alam, M., Chowdhury, W., Bhuiyan, N., Islam, A., Hasan, N., Nair, G., . . . Colwell, R.
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(2009). Serogroup, virulence, and genetic traits of vibrio parahaemolyticus in the
estuarine ecosystem of bangladesh. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 75(19),
6268-6274. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2753069/
Hiyoshi, H., Kodama,, T., Iida, T., & Honda, T. (2010). Contribution of vibrio
parahaemolyticus virulence factors to cytotoxicity, enterotoxicity, and lethality in mice.
Infection and Immunity, 78(4), 1772-1780. Retrieved from
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2849405/
Henry, J. B. (1996). Clinical diagnosis and management by laboratory methods.
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: W.B. Saunders Company.
Murray, P. R., Baron, E. J., Jorgensen, J. H., Pfaller, M. A., & Yolken, R. H. (2003).
Manual of clinical microbiology 8th ed. Washington, DC: ASM Press.
What is vibrio parahaemolyticus? (2012, January). Retrieved from EHA Consulting
group website: http://www.ehagroup.com/resources/pathogens/vibrio-parahaemolyticus/
Vibrio parahaemolyticus. (2012, February 1). Retrieved from Right Diagnosis website:
http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/v/vibrio_parahaemolyticus/intro.htm
References
 BCCDC. (2012). Vibrio bacteria[Photograph]. BC Centre for Disease Control,





Vancouver. Permission to reprint by BCCDC."
Schwarz, J. (1989). Vibrio parahaemolyticus[image]. Seafood Safety Lab, Galveston,
Texas. Permission to reprint by SSL.
BCCDC. (2012). Oysters[Photograph]. BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver.
Permission to reprint by BCCDC."
Gatorade. (2012). Gatorade lemon lime[image], Galveston, Texas. Permission to
reprint by Gatorade.
Bronx ale house. (2012). image3[photograph]. Bronx, NY. Permission to reprint by
BAH.
Puckett, H. (2010). Grilled Oyster-M[photograph], Coastal Living, Tampa, Fl.
Permission to reprint by TILG.
Questions?