Transcript 2. Aerobic Respiration

Biology
Respiration
Learning Intentions
1. The main source of energy in cells is
from glucose found in our food
2. What type of energy is in glucose?
3. How do cells release energy from
glucose?
4. Describe the stages involved in
respiration
1. Energy for cells
• Humans eat food for energy
• Food contains chemical energy
• Glucose (in food) is broken down by the process of
respiration and its energy is stored in ATP
• Aerobic Respiration happens in the mitochondria of cells
• The chemical energy in ATP can be released by breaking it
down.
2. Aerobic Respiration
Respiration is the process by which
chemical energy is released in cells
during the breakdown of food e.g.
glucose
3 Aerobic Respiration
Aerobic Respiration involves the presence of
oxygen and it occurs in 2 stages:1- Glycolysis
2- Breakdown of Pyruvic Acid
3a) Glycolysis
Glycolysis produces 2 ATP
3b) Breakdown of Pyruvic Acid
Pyruvic Acid + Oxygen
36ADP + 36Pi
36ATP
Carbon Dioxide + Water
This stage produces 36ATP
Total ATP produced in Aerobic Respiration is 38ATP
4. Anaerobic Respiration
In anaerobic respiration, only glycolysis occurs, so only 2
ATP are made
In animals
Glucose
Lactic Acid
In plants & fungi
Glucose
Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide
5. Comparing Aerobic &
Anaerobic Respiration
Aerobic
Respiration
Anaerobic
Respiration
Humans
Glucose + Oxygen￫Carbon Dioxide +Water
Glucose ￫ Lactic Acid
Plants &
Fungi
Glucose + Oxygen￫Carbon Dioxide +Water
Glucose ￫ Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide
ATP
38 ATP
2 ATP
6. Measuring the Rate of Respiration
7) Uses of Anaerobic Respiration
Humans use the process of Anaerobic Respiration to
make useful products e.g. Bread, Beer, Wine,
The Anaerobic process that involves the chemical
breakdown of a substance by microbes is also called
Fermentation
8) Fermentation & Baking Industries
yeast
Glucose
Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide
Yeast is a single celled fungi
that feeds on glucose.
Carbon dioxide makes the
dough rise
The ethanol evaporates in the
oven
Practical -Yeast & height of dough
9) Fermentation & Brewing
yeast
Glucose
Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide
The ingredients for Beer can be added to
large tanks called Fermenters.
Yeast change the glucose into ethanol by the process
of Fermentation. This is Anaerobic Respiration.
Computers control the temperature and pH to
provide the optimum conditions for the yeast
Practical – Yeast, grape juice & a balloon!
10) Fermentation & Renewable Energy
•
Bio-renewables are types of renewable energy produced by living things.
•
Examples of Biorenewables are Biofuel, Biodiesel and Biogas
Biofuel (e.g. Ethanol)
Ethanol is made by fermenting the sugar in sugar cane, sugar beet, wheat,
maize or wood pulp.
Biodiesel (e.g. Alcohol and Oils)
Biodiesel is produced by mixing alcohol with oils that have been extracted
from plants such as rape seed, soybean or from waste vegetable oils
Biogas (e.g. Methane)
Biogas is produced from decomposing animal or plant waste.
Practical – Producing Biodiesel
11 Fermentation & Dairy Industries
YOGHURT MAKING
bacteria
Lactose
Sugar
Lactic Acid
Bacteria feed on lactose sugar in milk
The milk clots and becomes acidic
making yoghurt
Wine, Yoghurt and cheese making video clip
Yoghurt
Practical
11 Fermentation & Dairy Industries
Bacterial Industries (Cheese)
bacteria
Lactose
Sugar
Lactic Acid
Bacteria feed on lactose sugar in milk
The milk clots and becomes acidic making yoghurt
The enzyme Rennet is then added.
Rennet clots the protein in milk to make curds, and
the liquid part left is called the whey
http://www.shetlandcheese.co.uk/2001.html
12. Fermentation Summary
Type of
microbe
Word
Equation
Brewing
Baking
Yoghurt
Fungi
(yeast)
Fungi
(yeast)
Bacteria
yeast
Glucose
yeast
Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide
Glucose
Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide
bacteria
Lactose
Lactic Acid
Sugar