Transcript Ecosystems Power Point - Nutley Public Schools

Ecological
Interactions
Matter and Energy in
the Ecosystem
http://www.brainpop.com
/science/ecologyandbeha
vior/ecosystems/
Matter and Energy in the
Ecosystem
ROLES OF LIVING THINGS
Producers
Decomposers
Consumers
Producers – Autotrophs
 Organisms
that make
their own food from
inorganic molecules
and energy from the
sun



auto = self
troph = feed
Photosynthesis – the
chemical process that
produces sugar from
CO2 and energy from
sunlight.
Examples:
 protists
–
phytoplankton, algea
 plants – corn, rice,
grass, wheat)
Consumers – Heterotrophs
•
Organisms that must
eat food for energy
•
•
•
•
hetero = other
troph = feed
Herbivores – organisms
that eat only plants
(cows)
Carnivores – organisms
that eat only herbivores
or other carnivores
(wolves)
Omnivores – organisms
that eat both plants and
animals (bears; humans)
Consumers – Heterotrophs
 Scavengers:

Organisms that eat
dead plants and
animals
Decomposers
Wood ear
Once the scavengers are
done…
 Bacteria and fungi that
consume the bodies of
dead organisms and
organic wastes
 Decomposers complete
the cycle of matter in
the ecosystem

Portobello
Examples:


Fungi: wood ear,
portabella
Bacteria: E. coli,
Salmonella
E. coli
Salmonella
Simple Energy Flow
Through an Ecosystem
DO NOW
 Name
Date: ______
one producer.
 Name one consumer.
 What is an autotroph?
 What is a heterotroph?
 Where does ALL energy come from?
Energy Flow
Through an Ecosystem
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=De_53
QflEXQ
Energy Flow
Through an Ecosystem
Food Chain:
Single pathway
 Transfers energy
(nutrients and minerals) in
one direction by eating
and being eaten.
 Sunlight supplies the
energy that begins the
cycle!
Energy Flow
Through an Ecosystem
Food Web-more complex
more realistic
 A network of overlapping
food chains representing
the feeding relationships
among organisms in an
ecosystem
 Energy flows in many
directions
 Changes in any organism
affects the other
populations!!
Trophic Levels
 Trophic

Levels:
The trophic level
identifies the
position an
organism holds in
a food chain.
Trophic Levels

Tropic Level Pyramid:

A graphical representation in the
shape of a pyramid.
shows the feeding relationship of
groups of organisms
 Shows the distribution of biomass
or among different trophic levels
in a given ecosystem.






First level – producers
Second level – herbivores
Third level – first order
carnivores
Fourth level – second order
carnivores
Each level completely depends on the
level below it
Energy Flow Through an Ecosystem



Trophic level or
Ecological pyramids also
show the relative energy
in each trophic level
Energy is NOT a
renewable resource
Energy and biomass
decreases in value as you
move up the trophic
levels - This means each
trophic level gets less
energy from the food
they consume from the
previous level
Energy Flow Through an Ecosystem
 BIOMASS
– shows
total amount of
organic matter
(energy) present in a
trophic level
 Energy travels
between one trophic
level and the next in
the form of food.
 10%


LAW:
Only 10% of all
energy in each
trophic level is
available for the
next level.
As you move through
the pyramid, energy
is lost at each level.
- First level - producers
most energy!
- Top Level - top level
Consumers have the
least!
DO NOW
 How
Date:__________
does energy move through an
ecosystem? (what level is there the
most/least?)
 What is another word for a producer? A
consumer?
 What are 3 types of consumers? (give
an example of each)



1. herbivore- bunny
2.
3.