Transcript Factor of food spoilage

Factor of food spoilage
Factor of food spoilage
Two types of factor of food spoilage
Germ altering the
sanitary quality
= pathogens for human
Food infection
Germ altering
merchantability
= pathogens for plant +
degradation agents
Unmarketable food
Factor of food spoilage
Impact of degradation
agents
1-Changing the appearance of
food
Erwinia carotovora on
spice and in the
middle of a melon
« Blue » mozzarella following the
development of Pseudomonas
fluorescens
Factor of food spoilage
Impact of degradation
agents
1-Changing the appearance of
food
Mold (Mucor) growing on the surface of a cheese…with
appearance similar to cat hair
Factor of food spoilage
Impact of degradation
agents
2-Changing the taste of food
Carnobacterium maltaromaticum causing
« greening » with tomato sauce (here
for example with beef lasagne)
Alternaria causing an acidic taste in
citrus and citrus juices
Factor of food spoilage
Impact of degradation
agents
3-Changing the nutritional value
and the processing opportunities
Plasmapora viticola (mildew of wine) grows on grapes and consumes
carbohydrate reserves
 With less sugar it will be difficult to make a fermentation and
transform grapes into wine !!
Impact of degradation agents
on potatoes
Potato, a target of all attacks…
Attacks by insects, worms, molluscs,
rodents…
Mold infections
Viruses infections
Bacterial infections
Example of pathogen bacteria for potato : Pectobacterium
Pectobacterium (new name of the group Erwinia) :
 bacteria from Enterobacterial family,
 pathogen for a lot of plant,
 cause a decay of plants and tubers
 some important species (P.carotovorum, P.atrosepticum…)
P.atrosepticum (x 2850)
Decay of potato by P.atrosepticum
Pectobacterium : easily transmissible pathogenic
Pectobacterium : easily transmissible pathogenic
Steps of industrial production of potatoes
Planting
Possible contamination
by Pectobacterium
Germination
Harvest
Washing
Storage
Processing
Water
Everything
contaminated!!
Potato, a very important economy…
Regions of world production
- Europe
- Asia in particular China
Potato, a very important economy…
European production
Potato, a very important economy…
Global value of potatoes production
 6 billions dollars / year in the world
(2 for fresh potatoes, 4 for transformed potatoes : frozen products,
starch…)
Potato, a very important economy…
Diseaeses of potatoes cause 32% loss of world production
FAO (Food and agriculture organization) – September 2009
 2 billions dollars losses / year !!!
It’s important to eradicate these diseases, by developping :
-innovative methods to diagnose these pathogens ,
-solutions for prevention and treatment.