Transcript Sacred Balance Chapter 4 and Bonney Woods

Sacred Balance Chapter 4 and
Bonney Woods
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Soil Profile
Soil Ph
Soil biodiversity in the O horizon
Tree Species biodiversity
Chapter 4
Made From the Soil
Ch. 4 Main Concept Questions
What is the rock cycle and how is it
connected to soil structure?
• What is the nitrogen cycle and why
is it so important?
• Focus on pages 124-137
• Sacred Balance Connection to
Future of Food Movie
• Focus on pages 143-155
Rock Cycle Terminology
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Lava Flow out of volcano leads to crystallization of magma to form
igneous rock
Erosion caused by wind and rain of solid rock to form sediment
Transportation of sediments via rivers and streams
Deposition of sediments: sediments settle at the bottom of the ocean
Compaction and cementation: sediments compact due to pressure and
cement due to mineral accumulation forming sedimentary rock
Metamorphism: under heat and pressure sedimentary rock becomes
metamorphic rock
Melting of metamorphic rock
Rock Cycle
• Rock Cycle
• Rock cycle
• Process of Weathering and Erosion
• Responsible for the creation of soil
• Biodiversity: Diversity of Life
• Biodiversity of soil
• Increased soil biodiversity
• Increased tree biodiversity
Ch. 4 Main Concept Question #2
• What is the nitrogen cycle and
why is it so important? (pg. 8082)
Nitrogen Cycle Terminology
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Animal waste and Plant matter exist on the surface of the soil.
Decomposers (Bacteria and Fungi) break down animal waste and plant
matter and convert it to Ammonia (NH3)
Nitrosimonas bacteria convert Ammonia to Nitrite (NO2)
Nitrobacter bacteria convert Nitrite (NO2) to Nitrate (NO3)
Nitrates can be taken up directly by plants and are essential for plant
growth and reproduction
Atmospheric Nitrogen(N2) fixing bacteria exist on legume (bean) root
nodules and convert atmospheric nitrogen (N2) to Ammonia (NH3)
Fertilizers contain nitrates to enhance plant growth and are added
directly to the soil
Atmospheric Nitrogen (N2) can be converted to Nitrite (NO2) by the
enormous energy from lightening. The lightening breaks the nitrogen
molecules and enables their atoms to combine with oxygen in the air
forming nitrogen oxide (NO). Nitrogen oxide dissolves in rain and forms
Nitrates (NO3)
Sacred Balance
Trees from Fish??
Sacred Balance
• Soil Video
Ch. 4 Main Concept Question #3
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“Some ten thousand to twelve thousand years ago, human
beings realized that seeds placed on or in soil would grow into
plants that were useful to people. This realization led to the
agricultural revolution, which fundamentally altered human
behavior and provided the foundation of civilization.”
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What is happening to our food? (Future of Food Video)
(pg. 98-104)
Future of Food
GMO Crops
Future of Food Guiding
Questions Part 1
• How has agriculture changed over the last half of the
20th century?
• Herbicides, Pesticides, Genetic Engineering “Green
Revolution”
• What is the problem with Patenting Life?
• Corporate control
• “Whoever controls the seeds controls the food”
Future Of Food Guiding
Questions Part 2
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What is Genetic Engineering?
• Invading plant cells using bacteria and viruses to produce crops that are resistant to a
variety of factors (including herbicides and pesticides)
Cell invasion technology
• Flounder example
• Round-up ready corn
How do scientists create genetically modified crops?
• Soil bacteria combined with E. Coli Bacteria
• Must get through Cell Wall
• Smuggle Foreign DNA using soil bacteria that causes tumors in plants
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Stream of electricity causing holes in the plant cells
Cell gun containing particles of gold coated with the engineered DNA
Future of Food Guiding Questions Part 3
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What are the potential effects of genetically modified foods?
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Allergic reaction
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No labeling means corporations cannot be held responsible
What can you do?
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Buy Local
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Be Informed
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Make wise choices
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More Information
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Community Supported Agriculture
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The Center for Food Safety
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http://www.thecampaign.org/
Family Farmed (Buy Local)
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http://www.centerforfoodsafety.org/
Campaign Grass Roots Political Action
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http://www.localharvest.org/
http://www.familyfarmed.org/
GET INVOLVED IN MAINE
• http://www.gefreemaine.org/