Transcript Chapter 16 Review

Chapter 16 Review
The Origin of Life
Charles Page High School
Dr. Stephen L. Cotton
Chapter 16 Review
The Origin of Life
Who
was the first scientist who
attempted to disprove
spontaneous generation? Redi
Spallanzani demonstrated that
Needham found microorganisms
in the gravy in his bottles,
because Needham had not boiled
it enough
Chapter 16 Review
The Origin of Life
 To
demonstrate that microorganisms
entered the flasks along with dust
particles from the air, Pasteur broke
neck off
 Who was the scientist whose work
was most effective in disproving
spontaneous generation? Pasteur
Chapter 16 Review
The Origin of Life
Stanley
Miller used electric sparks
and ultraviolet light to simulate
lightning and sunlight.
Scientists believe that the Earth
was formed as a gas and dust
particles.
The Earth cooled enough for solid
rock to form on it’s surface about
4 billion years ago.
Chapter 16 Review
The Origin of Life
Evidence
that the Earth’s early
atmosphere did not contain
oxygen comes from lack of rust in
early rock.
Evidence indicates that the
Earth’s oceans developed about
3.8 billion years ago.
Chapter 16 Review
The Origin of Life
Which
of the following events was
LEAST important for the
development of multicellular
organisms? evolution of asexual
reproduction
Chapter 16 Review
The Origin of Life
Microfossils
provide outlines of
cells that have been identified as
prokaryotes.
Paleontologists have found fossils
of microscopic organisms dated
as far back as 3.5 billion years
ago.
Chapter 16 Review
The Origin of Life
When
Stanley Miller analyzed the
organic “soup” resulting from his
experiment, he did not find which
of the following? carbon dioxide
Chapter 16 Review
The Origin of Life
 Results
from repeated experiments
by Miller and others on the origin of
life forms indicate what about the
formation of ATP? It forms in the
absence of oxygen
 Each of the following has been found
in objects from outer space except:
gaseous oxygen
Chapter 16 Review
The Origin of Life
Some
biologists believe that the
first true cells arose when lipids
from a shallow pool dried and
formed spheres around DNA
molecules.
The water that gushes out of
volcanic vents contains sulfur
compounds.
Chapter 16 Review
The Origin of Life
According
to Bernal and CairnsSmith, attractive forces
concentrated nucleic acids onto
clay crystals.
A prokaryote and eukaryote each
contain: cell membrane
Chapter 16 Review
The Origin of Life
Each
of the following conditions
around volcanic vents is favorable
for reactions leading to life
except: or weak currents
Chapter 16 Review
The Origin of Life
The
sum of all the chemical
reactions that occur in a living
thing involves metabolic
pathways.
The first autotrophs were
common on the Earth about 3.4
billion years ago.
Chapter 16 Review
The Origin of Life
Spontaneous
generation cannot
occur today because the Earth
contains bacteria that break down
organic compounds.
The first great change in life on
Earth occurred with the
development of a modern form of
photosynthesis
Chapter 16 Review
The Origin of Life
The
modern form of
photosynthesis first occurred
about 2.2 billion years ago.
Compared with earlier forms of
photosynthesis, today’s plants
substitute Water for Sulfur.
The first eukaryotic cells evolved
about 1.4-1.6 billions years ago.
Chapter 16 Review
The Origin of Life
One
beneficial effect of oxygen in
the Earth’s atmosphere was
azone
Organisms that can survive only
in deep mud cannot tolerate
oxygen.
Compared with anaerobic
pathways, aerobic pathways
obtain 18x from each sugar
Chapter 16 Review
The Origin of Life
A meteorite
that landed in
Australia in 1969 contained lipids.
In the organic soup of the Earth’s
oceans, Oparin and Fox found
that amino acids linked together
to form short-chain proteins.
The first true cells had what type
of nutrition? Heterotroph
Chapter 16 Review
The Origin of Life
Organisms
that grew in layered,
mat-like formations about 3.4
billion years ago were
stromatolites.
Modern photosynthesis
transformed the Earth into an
aerobic planet.
The hypothesis that mice arose
from grain is called spontaneous
Chapter 16 Review
The Origin of Life
Anaerobic
bacteria can be found
today in deep mud.
Anaerobic organisms cannot
utilize oxygen in their metabolic
pathways.
The earliest living things were
eukaryotes or prokaryotes?
Chapter 16 Review
The Origin of Life
Today,
bacteria that live near
volcanic vents obtain energy from
sulfur compounds.