Transcript Dry off treatment - PublicationsList.org

Dry Cow Therapy, Mastitis and
Milk - Enhancement
Therapeutic treatment with casein hydrolyzate eradicate effectively bacterial
infection in treated mammary quarters in cows
Nissim Silanikove, Agricultural Research Organization,
Institute of Animal Science, Israel.
Gabriel Leitner, The Veterinary Institute, Israel
Jose Iscovich, Mileutis Ltd.
Doron Tiomkin, Hchaklait, Veterinarian
Services, Israel.
Adin Swhimmer,
Central Laboratory for Udder Health, Israel .
Histology of gland treated with casein
hydrolyzate (CNH) vs. non-treated gland
Treated Gland
Control Gland
CNH in Goats: Precipitous drying of milk secretion
only in the treated gland
Silanikove et al, Life Sci., 2002
The Physiological Basis
Dramatic activation of the innate immune system within 8 hours
Secretion of large number of activated neutrophils.
Enhanced secretion of immunoglobulins.
Formation of bactericide environment:
Secretion of antimicrobial proteins and free radicals formation.
Drastic reduction in lactose and citrate concentration:
elimination of food for bacteria.
Treatment procedures
Evacuate the treated gland and infuse the drug into the cistern.
Repeat the treatment twice over two days.
Don’t milk between treatments.
After the last treatment the gland is not milked until the next lactation.
Clinical mastitis with
Arcanobacterium pyogenes
Antibiotic treatment is not effective.
The common treatment is to cut the teat in order to drain the
infection or to treat with chlorhexidine or povidone - iodine.
Without treatment the infection might spread and
become lethal.
To pour or not to pour
SCC (×1000) before treatment and
15 to 60 days after treatment in 45 cows
Somatic Cell Counts
Number
SCC - PRE
Average
SCC - POST
Average
5
1,235.2
147.4
All Streptococcus
17
3,357.4
262.3
Escherichia coli
Arcanobacterium pyogenes
7
10
1,781.2
1,465.1
275.4
145.6
6
3,283.5
226.7
Pathogens
Staphylococcus aureus
Others
All:
Average SCC
Standard deviation
2,210.2
2,374.3
205.0
170.2
Note: SCC-PRE denotes pre-treatment somatic cell counts; SCC-POST denotes post-treatment somatic cell count. Pooled across herds
(n=10) and period, 2001-2003.
SCC (×1000) frequencies after
treatment with CNH
Stage
0 –200
201 – 400
Clinical
22 %
8%
Subclinical
40 %
22%
8%
Total
62 %
30%
8%
>401
0
SCC (×1000) frequencies after treatment
with CNH in the following lactation

100
25.9 %
101 - 200
33.3 %
201 - 400
25.9 %

14.8 %
401
Reminder : pretreatment average SCC was 2,210.2
Bacterial cure in cows treated with CNH
Detected
microorganism before
treatment
Detected
microorganism after
treatment
S. aureus
5
1
All Streptococcus
6
2
E. coli
4
1
pyogenesA.
10
0
Others
8
0
Total
33
4
Cure rate of 88.87 %
P < .05
Ontogenesis of milk production in
cows treated with CNH
Milk yield, L/d
38
34
30
26
Average
30 - 59
days prior
to
treatment
Average
Average
0-29
0 - 29
days prior days after
to
treatment
treatment
Average
30 - 59
days after
treatment
Pooled across herds (n=10) and period, 2001-2003.
Dry period and new infections
The risk of new intramammary infections might be reduced if milk production
decreased prior to dry off, the udder involuted rapidly, and the teat canal closed
in a timely manner".
R.T. Dingwell et al. 2001; National Mastitis Council Annual Meeting Proceedings, pp. 69-79; NMC, Verona, Wisconsin
"For every 5 kg increase in milk yield at dry-off above 12.5 kg, the odds of
cow having an environmental intramammary infection at calving increased
at least by 77%".
Rajala-Schultz et al.; J Dairy Sci 2005; 88; 577-9
a
Dry off treatment: CNH vs. antibiotics
SCC values
1000
840
SCC (,000)
800
600
400
200
307
172
157
0
CNH n=11
Before treatment
Antibiotics n=33
After treatment
Dry off treatment – infections in
subsequent lactation
Detected
microorganism
before treatment
Detected SAME
microorganism,
0-59 days after
calving.
Detected SAME
microorganism
60-89 days after
calving.
Detected
DIFFERENT
microorganism
60-89 days after
calving.
S. aureus
3
0
0
0
S. dysgalactia
4
0
0
2
. chromogS
0
0
0
1
S. uberis
1
0
0
0
. coliE
1
0
0
1
CNS
2
0
0
2
100%
100%
45%
Non infected
post-treatment
Cow 2425
70
Lactation:
First (14,773 L)
Second (10,614 L)
Third (after treatment)
60
Milk yield (L)
50
40
30
20
10
0
50
100
150
Days in milk
200
250
300
Cow 2331
70
Lactation:
First (12,460 L)
Second (10,639 L)
Third (12,106 L)
Forth (after treatment)
60
Milk yield (L)
50
40
30
20
10
0
50
100
150
Days in milk
200
250
300
Milk yield during the first 100 days in lactation
in the year before and after dry period treatment
45.0
44.5
100% were bacterial free
with SCC < 200,000
Milk yield, L/d
44.0
43.5
3.2 Liter\d increase
7.8%
43.0
42.5
42.0
3.7 Liter\d increase
9.36%
41.5
41.0
All cows were infected
at end of lactation
40.5
40.0
39.5
39.0
38.5
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Days in milking
Values were corrected for lactation number
90
100
110
Mean milk yield increase during first 100
days of lactation
46
Milk yield, L\d
44
42
12.1%-17.24% increase
4% difference
40
38
36
34
100 post calving days
of previous lactation
Control n=33
100 post calving days
after treatment
Treated n=11
Conclusions
CNH improve dramatically milk hygiene immediately,
without the need to discard milk from the uninfected gland.
CNH is effective where no alternative treatments exist.
CNH gained high rate of bacterial cure, with secretion
of milk with low SCC during the next lactation cycle.
CNH is effective as a dry period treatment: eradicates
existing infections, prevents new infections and lowers SCC.
CNH shortens the dry cow period treatment.
CNH increases milk yield.