Transcript drinking & smoking - TheWorldaccordingtoHughes

Quick test
 1) What happens to the diaphragm and rib
muscles when you inhale?
 2) Write the word equation for respiration?
 3) What is the chemical found in the nucleus
of cells
Objectives
1) To see the diseases caused by
smoking
2) To look at the main things in
cigarette smoke that cause the
damage.
DRINKING & SMOKING
Non-smoker
Smoker with
Emphysema
Lung
cancer
Mouth cancer
Throat
cancer
Cancer of the
oesophagus
A blocked
coronary artery
A human heart that
has suffered a heart
attack. This was
brought about by
smoking.
Cigarette smoke
 Tobacco smoke contains the drug
NICOTINE which is a stimulant and is very
addictive. It is this addiction to nicotine that
makes it so difficult to give up smoking.
 Nicotine affects the circulatory system by
making blood vessels get narrower. This
increases blood pressure which puts extra
strain on the heart. Nicotine increases the
risk of a heart attack or a stroke.
Cigarette smoke
 CARBON MONOXIDE decreases the amount of
oxygen that can be carried in the blood.
 Oxygen is transported by haemoglobin inside red
blood cells. But haemoglobin combines much
more readily with carbon monoxide than with
oxygen.
 Once it has combined, it is very reluctant to let the
carbon monoxide go. So a lot of the haemoglobin
of a smoker is taken out of action, permanently
combined with carbon monoxide.
 Less oxygen is delivered to tissues.
Smoking whilst pregnant
 Both nicotine and carbon monoxide can harm
the development of a foetus in a woman’s
uterus.
 Both of them can cross the placenta and get into
the baby’s blood. This has a similar effect to the
fetus smoking a cigarette!
 The baby is likely to be smaller than average at
birth and more likely to suffer several diseases.
Diseases caused by smoking
1-4) Write down as many different
diseases caused by smoking as you can
remember
1.
2.
3.
4.
Emphysema
Heart disease
Cancer (Lung, mouth, throat)
Bronchitis
Nicotine
 Nicotine is a very addictive drug it is also a
stimulant.
 Nicotine also makes blood vessels
narrower so that less blood can get to
cells. This can cause high blood pressure
and heart disease.
Smoking
Carbon monoxide
Carbon monoxide from cigarette smoke
attaches to haemoglobin molecules in the
red blood cells and prevents them from
transporting oxygen.
Pregnancy
 If a pregnant woman smokes the foetus
may not get enough oxygen and be born
prematurely.
Recap
Cigarette smoke
 Tar contains chemicals that are
CARCINOGENS – substances that can
cause cancer. Carcinogens in tar cause
genes to mutate, which can make cells
begin to divide out of control.
 Even low tar cigarettes contain enough
carcinogens to seriously increase the risk of
getting cancer.
Cigarette smoke
 PARTICULATES are tiny pieces of carbon
and other materials.
 They cause irritation in the lungs.
 White blood cells try to remove them. White
blood cells and other protective cells secrete
chemicals that are supposed to help to
defend the person against pathogens, but in
this case they often do a lot of harm to other
body cells.
Ciliated epithelial cells
Smoker’s Cough
 The mucous membrane in the trachea and bronchi helps to
stop bacteria and other particles getting down into the
lungs.
 Unfortunately, carbon monoxide and other chemicals in
tobacco smoke stop this system from working.
 They stimulate goblet cells to make even more mucus and,
at the same time, stop the cilia from beating.
 This extra mucus just trickles down and accumulates in the
lungs.
 This is why smokers cough – they are trying to get rid of
the mucus.
Cilia and smoking
Bronchitis
 Bacteria accumulate in
the lungs and bronchi
as they breed in
excess mucus.
 They cause
inflammation and the
person has
BRONCHITIS
 Smokers often develop
chronic bronchitis.
Emphysema
 The constant coughing
damages the delicate walls of
the alveoli. Other chemicals in
the smoke cause the walls of
the alveoli to break down.
 This reduces the surface area
across which oxygen and
carbon dioxide can be
exchanged with the blood.
 The smoker needs to breathe
faster to get enough oxygen into
the blood, developing a
condition known as
emphysema.
TO DO…
1) Complete smoking 2
2) Stick the ciliated epithelial
cells seet in your book and
add the threee missing labels
Ciliated epithelial cells
Smoking
Tar
 Tar can line the alveoli reducing gas
exchange.
 Tar contains chemicals that cause cancer
(carcinogens)
 Tiny pieces of carbon and other materials
(particulates) cause irrition and damage in
the lungs. White blood cells try to remove
them but unfortunately the chemicals they
produce do more harm than good.
 The tar in cigarette smoke paralyses the cilia in
the windpipe so that they stop working.
 Bacteria, particulates & mucus build up in the
lungs.
 Bacteria cause infections such as bronchitis.
 Mucus and dirt in the bronchi and bronchioles
make you cough.
Q. What do we mean by chronic bronchitis,
how does this cause emphysema?
 Discuss with your partner the most
important thing you’ve learned today in this
lesson
Normal liver
Cirrhotic liver
The liver breaks down toxins in the body. In the
process, the liver’s own cells become damaged
leading to a condition known as CIRRHOSIS, which
can kill!
Alcohol
 Alcohol is a depressant and slows down the
parts of the brain that are involved in decision
making and coordination of movement.
 It causes the blood vessels in the skin to dilate,
which allows more heat to be lost. (People have
died from hypothermia after getting drunk and
falling asleep outside in the cold)
 There is also a heightened risk of heart disease
as alcohol increases blood pressure.