Transcript 3–3 Cycles of Matter

3–3 Cycles of Matter
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3–3 Cycles of Matter
3-3 Cycles of Matter
How does matter move among the living
and nonliving parts of an ecosystem?
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3–3 Cycles of Matter
Sun Power
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3–3 Cycles of Matter
Recycling in the Biosphere
Recycling in the Biosphere
Energy and matter move through the
biosphere very differently.
Unlike the one-way flow of energy,
matter is recycled within and between
ecosystems.
Biogeochemical Cycles
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3–3 Cycles of Matter
The Water Cycle
The Water Cycle
All living things require water to survive.
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3–3 Cycles of Matter
The Water Cycle
Water moves between the ocean, atmosphere, and land.
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3–3 Cycles of Matter
Nutrient Cycles
Nutrient Cycles
All the chemical substances that an organism
needs to sustain life are its nutrients.
Every living organism needs nutrients to
build tissues and carry out essential life
functions.
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3–3 Cycles of Matter
Nutrient Cycles
The Carbon Cycle
Carbon is a key ingredient of living tissue.
Biological processes, such as photosynthesis,
respiration, and decomposition, take up and
release carbon and oxygen.
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3–3 Cycles of Matter
Nutrient Cycles
CO2 in
Atmosphere
Photosynthesis
feeding
Volcanic
activity
Respiration
Decomposition
Human
activity
Erosion
CO2 in Ocean
Respiration
Uplift
Deposition
Photosynthesis
Fossil fuel
feeding
Deposition
Carbonate
Rocks
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3–3 Cycles of Matter
Nutrient Cycles
The Nitrogen Cycle
All organisms require nitrogen to make proteins.
Only certain types of bacteria can use nitrogen directly.
Such bacteria live in the soil and on the roots of plants
called legumes.
-Nitrogen fixation
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3–3 Cycles of Matter
Nutrient Cycles
N2 in
Atmosphere
Synthetic fertilizer
manufacturer
Uptake by
producers
Bacterial
nitrogen fixation
Atmospheric
nitrogen fixation
Decomposition
Reuse by
consumers
Decomposition
excretion
NH3
Uptake by
producers
Reuse by
consumers
Decomposition
excretion
NO3 and
NO2
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3–3 Cycles of Matter
Nitrogen Cycle
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3–3 Cycles of Matter
Bacterial nodules
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3–3 Cycles of Matter
Nutrient Cycles
The Phosphorus Cycle
Phosphorus is essential to organisms because it
helps form important molecules like DNA and
RNA.
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3–3 Cycles of Matter
Organic phosphate
moves through the
food web and to the
rest of the
ecosystem.
Nutrient Cycles
Organisms
Land
Ocean
Sediments
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3–3 Cycles of Matter
Nutrient Limitation
Nutrient Limitation
The primary productivity of an ecosystem is the
rate at which organic matter is created by
producers.
- Nutrients limit primary productivity
Limiting Nutrient – a nutrient that is in short supply
in an ecosystem.
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3–3 Cycles of Matter
Nutrient Limitation
Algal bloom:
When a limiting nutrient is suddenly increased in an
aquatic ecosystem, algae can rapidly grow and
disrupt the equilibrium.
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Transpiration is part of the
a. water cycle.
b. carbon cycle.
c. nitrogen cycle.
d. phosphorus cycle.
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Carbon is found in the atmosphere in the form of
a. carbohydrates.
b. carbon dioxide.
c. calcium carbonate.
d. ammonia.
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Biologists describe nutrients as moving through
cycles because the substances
a. start as simple organic forms that plants
need.
b. provide “building blocks” and energy that
organisms need.
c. are passed between organisms and the
environment and then back to organisms.
d. are needed by organisms to carry out life
processes.
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The only organisms that can convert nitrogen in
the atmosphere into a form useful to living things
are nitrogen-fixing
a. plants.
b. bacteria.
c. detritivores.
d. animals.
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When an aquatic ecosystem receives a large
input of a limiting nutrient, the result is
a. runoff.
b. algal death.
c. algal bloom.
d. less primary productivity.
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