Transcript Domains and Kingdoms

Domains and Kingdoms
Chapter 17.3
3 Domains
• Organisms are
classified into
domains based
on cell type and
structure
– Bacteria
– Archaea
– Eukaryota
6 Kingdoms
• Based on cell type,
structure, nutrition
– All Bacteria are
Eubacteria
– All Archaea are
Archaebacteria
– Eukarya contains:
Protista, Fungi,
Plantae, Animalia
Kingdom
Eubacteria
Domain Bacteria, Kingdom Eubacteria
• Bacteria are the most
abundant type of
organism
• Prokaryotes whose
cell walls contain
peptidoglycan
– 2 kinds of sugars form
a netlike structure
• Porous, strong
Characteristics - Eubacteria
• Come in many
different shapes
• More abundant
than any other
organism
• Can move
• Unicellular
– No nucleus or
organelles
Characteristics - Eubacteria
• Eating habits
– Heterotrophic
– Autotrophic (just a
few)
• Can survive in many
environments
– Aerobic
– Anaerobic
Eubacteria
Cell Type/ Prokaryotes with cell walls made of
Structure pepidoglycan
Nutrition
Most are heterotrophic; some are
autotrophic
Habitat
Live in many environments
Mobility
Can move
Kingdom Archaebacteria
Domain Archaea –
Kingdom Archaebacteria
• Most scientists
believe Archaea to
be more ancient
than bacteria.
• Main Difference:
no peptidoglycan
Characteristics- Archaebacteria
• Unicellular
• Many shapes
• Some autotrophic,
most heterotrophic
Extremophiles
• Extremophiles – they
live in the most
extreme
environments on
Earth
– Hot springs
– Salty lakes
– Thermal vents on
ocean floor
Archaebacteria
Cell Type/ Prokaryotes with cell walls that are
Structure NOT made of peptidoglycan
Nutrition
Most are heterotrophic; some are
autotrophic
Habitat
Live in many environments
Mobility
Can move
Domain Eukarya
Domain Eukarya
• All organisms with membrane–bound
organelles (eukaryotes)
• Includes: Kingdom Protista, Kingdom
Fungi, Kingdom Plantae, Kingdom
Animalia
Kingdom Protista
Kingdom Protista – The Misfits
• Don’t fit into any
other category
• Aren’t similar to
each other either.
• 3 categories
– Plantlike protists
– Animal-like protists
– Funguslike protists
Plantlike Protists
• Autotrophic,
perform
photosynthesis
• Algae
– Sea Kelp
– Red Algae
Animal-like Protists
• Heterotrophic
• Do not form organs
• Protozoans
– amoebas
Funguslike Protists
• Euglenoids – have
both plantlike and
animal-like
characteristics
• Perform photosynthesis
so usually grouped with
plantlike protists
• Slime molds and
mildews
Protista
Cell Type/ Unicellular and multicellular
Structure eukaryotes
Nutrition
Autotrophic and heterotrophic
Habitat
Live in moist environments
Mobility
Can move
Kingdom Fungi
Characteristics – Kingdom Fungi
• More than 70,000 species
• Eukaryotes, absorbs nutrients
from organic materials in it’s
environment
• All are heterotrophs
– They secrete digestive
enzymes into their food
source and then absorb the
nutrients directly into their
cells
Special Characteristics - Fungi
• They can’t move
• Cell walls contain chitin
– A rigid polymer that gives
cells structural support
• Have hyphae
– Threadlike strands that
enable the fungi to grow,
feed, and reproduce
Parasitic fungi
• Grow and feed on
other organisms
• Saprobes – eat dead
or decaying organic
matter
• Symbionts – live in a
mutualistic relationship
with algae (lichens)
Fungi
Cell Type/ Unicellular and multicellular
Structure eukaryotes with cell walls made of
chitin
Nutrition
heterotrophic
Habitat
Live in many environments
Mobility
Cannot move
Kingdom Plantae
Characteristics – Kingdom Plantae
• The base of all land habitats - 250,000 species
• Autotrophs - make energy from the sun through
photosynthesis
– A few are heterotrophs
Plants
• Multicellular
• Cell walls contain
cellulose
• Can’t move
• Are organized into
tissues
– Most have organs
such as roots, stems,
and leaves
Plantae
Cell Type/ Multicellular eukaryotes with cell walls
Structure made of cellulose
Nutrition
Habitat
Most are autotrophic that perform
photosynthesis; some are
heterotrophic
Live in water and on land
Mobility
Cannot move
Kingdom Animalia
Characteristics – Kingdom Animalia
• Heterotrophs
• Multicellular
• Eukaryotic
• Have membranebound organelles
Animals – Innards
• No cell walls
• Cells are organized
into tissues
– Most have tissues that
are organized into
organs (i.e. skin,
stomach, brain)
– Organs are often
organized into
complex systems (i.e.
digestive, circulatory)
Animals - Diverse
• Range widely in size
• Live in water, on land, and in the air
• Most can move
– Some can’t (i.e. coral can’t move as an adult)
Animalia
Cell Type/ Multicellular eukaryotes without cell
Structure walls
Nutrition
heterotrophic
Habitat
Live in water, on land, and in air
Mobility
Most can move; some cannot move,
such as adult coral
An exception to every system…
• A virus is a nucleic acid that is surrounded by a
protein coat
Viruses
• Viruses have their
own classification
system
• Not considered to be
living
• They are not cells and
do not have cells