Transcript Classifying organism`s notes

Unit 1 Lesson 5 Classification of Living Things
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Unit 1 Lesson 5 Classification of Living Things
Sorting Things Out!
Why do we classify living things?
• Scientists classify living things based on
characteristics that living things share.
• Classification helps scientists answer questions
about organisms such as how many kinds there
are, their characteristics, and their relationships.
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Unit 1 Lesson 5 Classification of Living Things
Physical and Chemical Characteristics
• To classify organisms, scientists compare physical
and Chemical Characteristics.
• Scientists can identify the relationship of animals
by looking at their DNA – chemical
• Compare skeletal systems and fossils to see if
they are relate.
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Unit 1 Lesson 5 Classification of Living Things
What’s in a Name?
How are living things named?
• Carolus Linnaeus simplified the naming of living
things with a two-part scientific name.
• A species is a group of organisms that are very
closely related.
• Members of the same species can mate and
produce fertile offspring.
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Unit 1 Lesson 5 Classification of Living Things
How are living things named?
• A genus includes similar species.
• A scientific name always includes the genus name
followed by the specific name. The first letter is
capitalized. The species name is lowercase.
• All organisms have a unique two-part scientific
name that is italicized or underlined.
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Unit 1 Lesson 5 Classification of Living Things
What are the levels of classification?
• Taxonomy is the science of describing, classifying,
and naming living things.
• Scientists use an eight-level system to classify
living things.
• Each level is more specific than the one above it,
and it contains fewer kinds of living things.
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Unit 1 Lesson 5 Classification of Living Things
What are the levels of classification?
• From most
general to more
specific, the
levels of
classification are
domain,
kingdom, phylum
(plural, phyla),
class, order,
family, genus,
and species.
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Unit 1 Lesson 5 Classification of Living Things
Triple Play
What are the three domains?
• Scientists once used a six-kingdom classification
system, but later added the domain.
• A domain represents the largest differences
among organisms in classification.
• The three domains are Bacteria, Archaea, and
Eukarya.
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Unit 1 Lesson 5 Classification of Living Things
What are the three domains?
• Domain Bacteria is made up of prokaryotes that
usually have a cell wall and reproduce by cell
division.
• All bacteria belong to this domain.
• Bacteria live in almost any environment: soil,
water, and even inside the human body.
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Unit 1 Lesson 5 Classification of Living Things
What are the three domains?
• Domain Archaea is made up of prokaryotes that
differ from bacteria in their genetics and in the
makeup of their cell walls.
• Archaea live in harsh environments, such as hot
springs and thermal vents, where other organisms
could not survive.
• Some archaea are found in the open ocean and in
soil.
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Bacteria
• All bacteria belong to the Domain
Bacteria.
• Prokaryotes – single celled
Unit 1 Lesson 5 Classification of Living Things
What are the three domains?
• Domain Eukarya is made up of all eukaryotes.
• Eukaryotes have cells with a nucleus and
membrane-bound organelles.
• Some eukaryotes, such as protists and some
fungi, are single-celled. Other protists—as well as
fungi, plants, and animals—are multicellular.
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Unit 1 Lesson 5 Classification of Living Things
What are the four kingdoms in
Eukarya?
• Members of the kingdom Protista, called protists,
are single-celled or simple multicellular organisms
such as algae, protozoans, and slime molds.
• Protists are very diverse, with plant-like, animallike, or fungus-like characteristics.
• Some protists reproduce sexually, while others
reproduce asexually.
• Some protists, autotrophs, make their own food.
Other protists, heterotrophs, eat other organisms
for food.
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Unit 1 Lesson 5 Classification of Living Things
What are the four kingdoms in
Eukarya?
• Members of the kingdom Fungi are single-celled
or multicellular organisms such as yeasts, molds,
and mushrooms.
• Fungi get energy by absorbing materials, and
have cells with cell walls but no chloroplasts.
• Fungi use digestive juices to break down materials
for food. They reproduce asexually or sexually,
depending on their type.
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Unit 1 Lesson 5 Classification of Living Things
What are the four kingdoms in
Eukarya?
• Kingdom Plantae consists of multicellular
organisms that have cell walls, mostly made of
cellulose.
• Plants make food through photosynthesis. They
are found on land and in water that light can pass
through, and cannot move by themselves.
• Some plants reproduce sexually, when pollen from
one plant fertilizes another. Some plants
reproduce asexually, when buds grow into plants.
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Unit 1 Lesson 5 Classification of Living Things
What are the four kingdoms in
Eukarya?
• Kingdom Animalia contains multicellular
organisms—such as birds, fish, reptiles, insects,
amphibians, and mammals—that lack cell walls.
• Animals are typically able to move around and
have specialized sense organs. They get nutrients
by eating other organisms.
• Most animals reproduce sexually, but a few types
of animals reproduce asexually, such as by
budding.
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Unit 1 Lesson 5 Classification of Living Things
How do classification systems change
over time?
• Millions of organisms are not named.
• New organisms do not always fit into the existing
classification system.
• Classification continues to change as scientists
learn more about living things.
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Unit 1 Lesson 5 Classification of Living Things
How do branching diagrams show
classification relationships?
• Organisms on branches above a particular
characteristic have the characteristic. Organisms
on branches below the characteristic do not.
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Unit 1 Lesson 5 Classification of Living Things
Keys to Success
How can organisms be identified?
• A dichotomous key uses a series of paired
statements to identify organisms.
• Each pair of statements is numbered.
• Either you choose the statement that best
describes the organism, or you are directed to a
new pair of statements. This process happens
until you can identify the organism.
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brain pop
• http://www.brainpop.com/science/diversi
tyoflife/classification/
• http://www.brainpop.com/science/diversi
tyoflife/sixkingdoms/