Transcript Chapter 11e

TORTORA • FUNKE
• CASE
Microbiology
AN INTRODUCTION
EIGHTH EDITION
B.E Pruitt & Jane J. Stein
Chapter 11, part E
The Prokaryotes:
Domains Bacteria and Archaea
Lactobacillales - Gram (+) cocci and rods
• Generally aerotolerant
anaerobes, lack an
electron-transport chain
• Catalase negative
• Lactobacillus
• Streptococcus
• Hemolysis
• Alpha
• Beta
• gamma
• Enterococcus
• Listeria
Figure 11.18
Mycoplasmatales
• Wall-less, pleomorphic
• 0.1 - 0.24 µm
• M. pneumoniae
Figure 11.19a, b
Actinobacteria
• High G + C
• Gram-positive
• Include Mycobacteria, Corynebacteria, and Actinomycetes. The
important pathogenic genus, Mycobacterium, as well as the filamentous
genera Streptomyces and Actinomyces, which form conidiospores.
Actinobacteria
• Often filamentous
• Lots of antibiotics
from this group
• Actinomyces
• Corynebacterium
• Frankia
• Gardnerella
• Mycobacterium
• Acid fast
• Nocardia
• Propionibacterium
• Streptomyces
Figure 11.20b
Domain Archaea
Archaea lack peptidoglycan.
They typically live in extreme
conditions
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
• Hyperthermophiles
• Pyrodictium
• Sulfolobus
• Thermus
• Methanogens
• Methanobacterium
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
• Extreme halophiles
• Halobacterium
Figure 11.25
Microbial Diversity
• Bacteria size range
• Thiomargarita
(750 µm) to
nanobacteria
(0.02 µm) in rocks
Figure 11.26
Microbial Diversity
• PCR indicates up to 10,000 bacteria/gm of soil. Many
bacteria have not been identified or characterized
because they:
• Haven't been cultured
• Need special nutrients
• Are part of complex food chains requiring the
products of other bacteria
• Need to be cultured to understand their metabolism
and ecological role