Transcript Controlling Disease

Chapter 7
Section 1
What is a Communicable Disease ?
A
disease that
can spread
from one
person to
another
What causes a
communicable disease?
4 kinds of microbes
The 4 Kinds of microbes

VIRUSES
– smallest kind of
microbe
– tiny pieces of living
matter
– live in all kinds of
cells
– uses part of the
cell that live and
multiply

BACTERIA
– only one cell
– some bacteria can
move on their own
others are carried
by wind, water, or
food.


FUNGI
– cannot move on
their own
– cannot live and
grow by themselves
– some live on the
inside of people’s
bodies
PROTOZOA
– largest kind of
microbe
– single-celled
creature that
move on it’s own
– often live in ponds,
streams, or other
wet places
Microbes

Can only live
where they can
get food and
water

Each kind causes
a different disease

Some microbes
– need air
– need a warm
environment
– need a cold
environment
– cannot live inside the
body
– are common others are
not
How do microbes cause
disease?

Some microbes make toxins

What is a toxin?
– Harmful waste

How do toxins work?
– They interfere with the way the body works

Some microbes directly attack the
body’s cells
What is an infection?
 The
multiplying
of microbes
inside your
body

If your body does not
stop the multiplying a
few can become a
million in a very short
time

A large number of
microbes in your body
can make you ill
How does your body fight
disease?

Antibodies
– coat the disease microbe and make
them harmless
– each kind of antibody works against
only one disease
– some antibodies stay in your blood
after you get better to give you
immunity
– some antibodies stay in your blood
all the time, this way you only get
the disease once (chicken pox)
How can you help your body
fight harmful microbes?


You can help by
keeping your
resistance strong
Resistance is your
body’s ability to
fight disease

Follow healthful
habits
– eating a balanced
diet
– exercising
– resting and getting
enough sleep
Key Questions

1. Name four groups of microbes.

2. How do microbes cause disease?
(2 ways)

3. How do antibodies give you
immunity? (2steps)
Controlling Communicable
Disease
Chapter 7
Section 2
Four main weapons to fight
communicable disease

Vaccines
– gives a person immunity
to a certain disease
without becoming ill
– vaccines are used to
fight viruses

Antibiotics

Sanitation
– ways people keep their
surroundings clean
and free of disease
microbes
– keeps certain diseases
from starting or
spreading
– medicines that can kill  Hygiene habits
harmful bacteria
– people’s own ways of
keeping clean
How do vaccines control
disease?

Vaccines are weakened microbes
of the disease placed in your
body so that you form antibodies
for the disease.

These antibodies stay in your
system and give you immunity to
the disease without ever having
to get sick from the disease.

Vaccines can be injected,
swallowed and some may be taken
as a nasal-spray.
Recommended Vaccines
2,4,6,
and
18
months
 Diphtheria
 15 months
 Measles
 12 months
 Mumps
 Whooping cough  2,4,6, and 18 months
 Polio
 2,4, and 18 months
 Rubella
 12 months
 Tetanus
 2,4,6 and 18 months

*You need a booster for some vaccines to keep your immunity.
How do antibiotics control
disease?

Antibiotic destroy harmful microbes that
cause infections

Antibiotics only work against disease
caused by bacteria.

The world’s first antibiotic...
Discovered by: Alexander Fleming
How does sanitation control
disease?

In the past many people did not know enough about
microbes and how diseases spread.

They did not realize their actions were making people
sick.


The quick spread of a disease to large number of
people is called an epidemic.
About 600 years ago an epidemic spread throughout
Europe killing thousands of people.
Modern Sanitation
Modern sanitation help people keep their
surroundings clean and free of harmful microbes
Garbage Disposal
Sewage Treatment
Water Treatment
Food Preparation
WORLD’S FIRST
SUCCESSFUL VACCINE
Dr. Edward Jenner
 England, 1796
 Cowpox microbes

Some Communicable
Diseases
Chapter 7
Section 3
What are colds?

Symptoms (signs of a disease)
– runny or stuffy nose
– sore throat
– coughing

Transmission
– breathing in droplets of
water
– Unwashed hands

The most common
communicable disease
in the United States
Treatment
– rest
– cover your sneezes with
disposable tissues
– drink plenty of water and
juices
What is Hepatitis?

Symptoms
–
–
–
–
–

nausea
vomiting
jaundice
stomach ache
fever
Transmission
– unwashed hands
– sharing food or drink

Treatment
– rest

Hepatitis is caused
by several
different viruses

It infects the liver
What is Mononucleosis?

Symptoms
–
–
–
–

sudden fever
swollen lymph glands
tiredness
sore throat
Transmission
– saliva or droplets from
the mouth
– mouth to mouth
– sharing drink or food

Treatment
– rest

Sports players, friends
and family members
often get Mono by
sharing drink containers
What are Sexually
Transmitted Diseases?


Chlamydia
– swelling of and scars on
the ovaries and testes
– can be passed from
mothers to their babies
during birth
Diseases spread by
intimate body
contact

Gonorrhea
– no symptoms in females
– painful urination in males
– Damages the heart,
ovaries, testes and joints
Both can be treated
with antibiotics
What is AIDS ?
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Kills white blood cells
(T lymphocytes)

By killing the T cells it
weakens the body’s
natural immunity to all
diseases
NO VACCINE

People with AIDS often
get disease healthy
people do not get.
– pneumonia
– rare types of cancer
NO CURE
PREVENTING THIS
DEADLY DISEASE

Transmission (bloodstream)
– sexual contact
– sharing of injection needles
– mother to child during birth
– blood transfusion (unlikely)
Noncommunicable Disease
Chapter 7
Section4
What is a Noncommunicable
Disease ?

A Disease that…
 is not caused by microbes
cannot pass from one person to another
 comes from inside a person’s body
Today in the United States, cancer and
heart disease take more lives than any other
disease.
What causes Noncommunicable
Disease?

The way a person lives
– Not getting enough exercise
– Not getting enough sleep
– Not eating a balanced diet

Many disease are called
What does chronic mean?
lasting for a long time
Diseases of the Circulatory
System

Arteriosclerosis
– Begins when cholesterol and fatty matter collect in
the arteries and the arteries become clogged.
– This can then lead to a
High
Blood Pressure
–Is also known as HYPERTENSION
–The artery walls become hard and thick
–When a blood vessel in the brain bursts it causes a
Cancer