Transcript Chapter 9 - Worth County Schools

Chapter 9
Classification
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Section 1 Sorting It All Out
Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
Concept Mapping
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Chapter 9
Section 1 Sorting It All Out
Bellringer
Think about the different ways humans classify things. In
your science journal, list at least five things that humans
classify.
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Chapter 9
Section 1 Sorting It All Out
Objectives
• Explain why and how organisms are classified.
• List the eight levels of classification.
• Explain scientific names.
• Describe how dichotomous keys help in identifying
organisms.
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Chapter 9
Section 1 Sorting It All Out
Why Classify?
• Answering Questions The classification of living
things makes it easier for biologist to answer
many important questions such as:
1. How many known species are there?
2. What are the defining characteristics of each
species?
3. What are the relationships between these
species?
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Chapter 9
Section 1 Sorting It All Out
How do Scientists Classify Organisms?
• Classification Today Taxonomists use the
eight-level system to classify living things based
on shared characteristics.
• Branching Diagrams On a branching diagram,
several characteristics are listed along the line
that points to the right. Each characteristic is
shared by the animals to the right of it.
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Chapter 9
Section 1 Sorting It All Out
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Chapter 9
Section 1 Sorting It All Out
Levels of Classification
• Kingdoms and Beyond The eight levels of
classification are:
1. Domain
2. Kingdom
3. Phylum
4. Class
5. Order
6. Family
7. Genus
8. Species
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Chapter 9
Section 1 Sorting It All Out
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Chapter 9
Section 1 Sorting It All Out
Scientific Names
• One Species, One Name A scientific name is
always the same for a specific kind of organism
no matter how many common names there might
be.
• Two-Part Names The first part of a species’s
name is the genus name. It is always capitalized.
The second part of the name is the species name.
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Chapter 9
Section 1 Sorting It All Out
Dichotomous Keys
• What Is a Dichotomous Key? A dichotomous
key is a tool for identifying organisms that uses a
series of paired descriptive statements.
• Two-Part Names By working through the
statements in a dichotomous key in order, a
person can eventually identify an unknown
organism.
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Chapter 9
Section 1 Sorting It All Out
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Chapter 9
Section 1 Sorting It All Out
A Growing System
• Still Discoveries to Make People are still
discovering and classifying organisms.
• Discovery Unique Organisms Sometimes new
organisms are found that are so different from
other known organisms that new classes, phyla,
and so on must be formed.
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Chapter 9
Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
Bellringer
List seven musical artists, bands, or acts. Categorize the
names on your list by style of music. Describe in your
science journal the categories you chose and explain
which bands might fit into more than one category.
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Chapter 9
Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
Objectives
• Explain how classification developed as greater
numbers of organisms became known.
• Describe the three domains.
• Describe four kingdoms in the domain Eukarya
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Chapter 9
Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
What Is It?
• What Is Used to Classify Organisms?
Organisms are classified by their characteristics.
• Adding New Classification Categories As
scientists continue to learn about living things,
they add classification categories that account for
the characteristics of different organisms.
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Chapter 9
Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
The Two Kingdoms of Bacteria
• The Domain Archaea Archaea are one of two kinds
of prokaryotes. Prokaryotes are single-celled
organisms that do not have a nucleus. Most are
known to live in extreme environments.
• The Domain Bacteria Bacteria are another kind of
prokaryote. Bacteria can be found in soil, water,
and even on and inside the human body.
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Chapter 9
Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
The Domain Eukarya
• The Kingdom Protista Today members of the
kingdom Protista commonly called protists, are
single-celled or simple multicelluar organisms.
• Protista contains many kinds of organisms,
including protozoans, algae, and euglenoids.
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Chapter 9
Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
The Domain Eukarya, continued
• The Kingdom Fungi Molds and mushrooms are
examples of the complex, multicelluar members
of the kingdom Fungi.
• Fungi do not perform photosynthesis or eat food.
Instead, fungi absorb nutrients from substances in
their surroundings.
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Chapter 9
Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
The Kingdom Plantae
• Plants The kingdom Plantae consists of
organisms that are eukaryotic, have cell walls,
and make food through photosynthesis.
• Examples of Plantae Sequoia trees, roses,
grasses, ferns, and more are all examples of
members of the kingdom Plantae.
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Chapter 9
Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
The Kingdom Animalia
• Animals The kingdom Animalia contains
complex, multicellular organisms that don’t have
cell walls, are usually able to move around, and
have specialized sense organs.
• Examples of Animalia Ants, beetles, lizards, fish,
birds, apes, elephants, and more are all examples
of members of the kingdom Animalia.
• Simple Animals Most animals are able to move,
but sponges, a simple animal, cannot move.
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Chapter 9
Classification
Concept Mapping
Use the terms below to complete the Concept Mapping
on the next slide.
kingdom
species
class
classification
family
scientific name
order
taxonomy
phylum
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Chapter 9
Classification
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Chapter 9
Classification
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