Transcript What is Willy Wonka famous for?

What is Willy Wonka famous
for?
Can you remember any of the
imaginative technologies Willy
Wonka created?
Who worked for him?
• Oompa Loompas
• They’re reaching
retirement age!
Willy Wonka is looking into
new technologies to produce
candy.
• One technology
he’s working with
is genetic
engineering.
• Goal: Learn how
genetic
engineering works
and apply the
technology to
other situations.
What is Genetic Engineering?
• Process where DNA from one species is
transferred into DNA of another species.
• The new strand (with DNA from both
species) is called recombinant DNA.
Bacteria
Willy Wonka’s Genetic
Engineering Experiment
• He wanted to make large
quantities of Choco-M, a
protein that is sweet and
chocolaty.
• How did he do it?
• In five steps!
I. Genetically Engineer a
Plasmid
• 5 Steps
• Step 1: Remove DNA from the
Choco Plant cell
Remove DNA
• Step 2: Remove plasmid DNA from
bacteria cell
Bacteria
Remove Plasmid DNA
Plasmid
DNA
•
Step 3: Cut both with a restriction
enzyme.
a. Cut out Cocoa-M gene
b. Cut plasmid with the same restriction
enzyme
c. These cuts make “sticky ends” (unparied
bases at the ends of the strands).
• Step 4: “Glue” the sticky ends of the
gene to the sticky ends of the plasmid
with another enzyme called ligase.
Ligase
• Step 5: Put recombinant plasmid back
into bacteria. Now this bacteria is
genetically engineered!
Bacteria
Production of Choco-M
• Do people want to eat bacteria and
chocolate mixed together?
• What does Willy Wonka want to do
now?
• Make a lot of product
• Have a pure form of chocolate
II. Amplify
• Amplify the bacteria: this is making
clones.
• Bacteria is producing Choco-M protein
(and other bacterial proteins, too)
Clones
III. Isolate and Purify
• Break open bacterial cells with
lysozyme.
• We only want Choco-M protein.
• Right now it’s mixed with other bacterial
proteins.
Imagination
• How could we quickly and efficiently
separate the 2 kinds of proteins?
• Keep in mind—thousands of proteins
will need to be separated every hour!
• Use tools from the big toolbox…or your
imagination!
• How did you separate the two proteins?
• What property of the protein did you
use?
Real-life Example: Insulin
• Diabetics need insulin to help regulate
blood sugar.
• Can you design a protocol for making
HUMAN INSULIN in bacteria cells?