Transcript Safe Clinical Practice

Safe Clinical Practice
Keys to Lab Safety and Success
• Be Prepared
Keys to Lab Safety and Success
• Equipment
Keys to Lab Safety and Success
• Attendance
Keys to Lab Safety and Success
• Writing
Keys to Lab Safety and Success
• Curiosity
Lab Skills for Success
• Communication
Lab Skills for Success
• Teamwork
Lab Skills for Success
• Critical Thinking
American Philosophical Association
Critical thinking is self-directed, selfdisciplined, self-monitored, and selfcorrective thinking. It presupposes assent to
rigorous standards of excellence and
mindful command of their use. It entails
effective communication and problem
solving abilities and a commitment to
overcome our native egocentrism and
sociocentrism.
Lab Skills for Success
• Technical skills
Infection Prevention & Control
• Micro-organism
–Only visible with
a microscope
Micro-organism
Cause disease
• “pathogen” 
• infection
Do not cause
disease
• “Nonpathogenic
organism”
• Normal Flora
Cross-contamination
• Spread of
pathogens
from

Bacteria
• Single cell
• No nucleus
• Reproduce
• Classifications
–Need for O2
–Shape
–Gram stain
Bacteria – need for O2
Aerobic
Anaerobic
• Need O2
• Can’t have O2
Bacteria – gram stain
Gram-positive
Gram-negative
• Dangerous 
• Endotoxin 
• Hemorrhagic
shock &
diarrhea
Bacteria – shape (morphology)
• Cocci 
–Round
• Bacilli 
–Rod shaped
• Spirochetes 
–Spiral
• Chains 
–Streptococci
• Pairs 
–Diplococci
• Clusters 
–Staphylococci
Antibiotic
• Chemical
substances that
can kill
microorganisms
• Most effective
against bacteria
Viruses
• Extremely
• Can only grow and replicate within a
living cell
small
Chain of Infection
1. Pathogen
• Microorganism
capable of
causing disease
Chain of Infection
1. Pathogen
2. Reservoir
3. A portal of exit
• Reservoir
– Where the
pathogen lives
• Portal of Exit
– A way to get out
of the reservoir
Chain of Infection
1. Pathogen
2. Reservoir
3. Portal of exit from the
reservoir
4. Mode of
Transmission
• How pathogens
move from the
reservoir  host
Chain of Infection
1. Pathogen
2. Reservoir
3. Portal of exit from the
reservoir
4. Mode of Transmission
5. Portal of entry
• Entrance into host
– Eyes
– Mouth
– Respiratory
– GI
– GU
– Broken skin
– Blood
Chain of Infection
1. Pathogen
2. Reservoir
3. Portal of exit from the
reservoir
4. Mode of Transmission
5. Portal of entry
Susceptible host
Healthcare-associated infections
• Mode of Transportation
– Employees
– Visitors
– Devices
Resistant pathogens
• Causes
– Inappropriate use of antibiotics
• Result
– Resistance
– Mutation
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
(MRSA)
• Reservoir
– Mucous membranes
– Resp. Tract
• Hospital & community acquired
• Isolation
– Precautions
Standard Precaution
• Do not touch
– Blood
– Body fluids (except sweat)
– Non-intact skin
– Mucous membranes
Hand washing
• Before & After
–Soap
Gloves
• Before touching
–Body fluids
Gown
• During procedures when contact with
body fluids is anticipated.
Mask – Eye protection – Face shield
• When body fluids are likely to splash
or spray.
Equipment
• Wash hands
after handling
• Cleaning routine
Laundry/textiles
• Cover
• Don’t hug
Needles / sharps
• Do not recap
• 1-handed scoop
• Punctureresistant
container
Lifting & moving
• Obtain help
Lifting & moving
• Use your leg muscles
Lifting & moving
• Provide stability for movement
Lifting & moving
• Smooth, coordinated movements
Lifting & moving
• Keep the load close
Lifting & moving
• Pull & pivot