Transcript Respiratory Disorders - mrdolanscience [licensed for non

RESPIRATORY DISORDERS
SBI3U
Tonsillitis
Description
 red, swollen tonsils
 sore throat, fever
 swollen glands
Cause
 a virus or bacteria
Treatment
 Surgically removing
Laryngitis
Description
– Inflammation of the larynx
– Vocal cords cannot vibrate
Cause
– caused by a infection or
allergy or by overstraining
the voice
Treatment
– Rest
Pneumonia
Description
– A disease that causes
inflammation in one or
both lungs
– Alveoli fill with thick fluid
making gas exchange
difficult
Cause
– Caused by viral or bacteria infection
Treatment
– Antibiotics or anti-viral medication
Bronchitis
Description
– Bronchi red & inflamed
– Coughing brings up mucus
– Chronic  cilia lining destroyed
–  limit ability to clear mucus
Cause
– Bacteria
– Prolonged exposure to dust,
chemicals, cigarette smoke
Treatment
– Antibiotics,
– Chronic  no cure but
treat with quit smoking,
medications, exercising
Asthma
Description
• Airways inflamed, bronchioles constrict, thus
difficult for air to pass
Cause
• Inhaled irritants 
pollen, dust, smoke
Treatment
• Inhaler  medication in mist
or powder
• Medication relax muscles around airways
Emphysema
Description
– Alveoli lose elasticity, burst, fuse into enlarged spaces
reduce SA for gas exchange  less O2
Cause
– smoking
Treatment
• No cure
• Use inhaler to open airways,
• O2 tank to boost O2 supply
to body
Cystic Fibrosis
Description
– Thick mucus in lungs  inflammation
infection due to trapped bacteria
Cause
– Gene mutation causes cells lining in
airways to release thick mucus
– Pancreatic ducts blocked
Treatment
– Gene therapy
– Symptoms treated with medication
to thin mucus
– antibiotics
TUBERCULOSIS
Description
– Damages the tissues of the lungs
and interferes with gas exchange
Cause
– Bacterial infection caused by
mycobacterium tuberculosis
Treatment
– Six-month treatment with antibiotics
– Vaccine available protecting children
Lung Cancer
Description
– Uncontrolled cell growth 
carcinoma
– Cancer cells break away &
spread to other organs
Cause
– Smoking
– Pollutants, radon gas,
asbestos
Treatment
– Radiation, chemotherapy 
destroy cancer cells
– Surgery or laser surgery 
remove tumours
Hiccups, Yawns, Coughs,
Sneezes ????
• Every once in a while your diaphragm
may go into spasms of contractions.
• The reason for this isn’t clear, but the
result is: you “hiccup”.
• diaphragm muscle contracts suddenly, it
flattens out and air rapidly rushes in to your
lungs.
• To stop this rush the epiglottis clamps down
over the trachea (windpipe), producing the
“hic” sound.
• The airflow is stopped so quickly by this
action that your body suffers a jolt. The
“cup” sound is produced by the air rushing out
by epiglottis when it relaxes.
How long do they last?
• In general … a couple of seconds to a
couple of minutes….
World Record Holder!
• Charles Osborne started
hiccupping in 1922 and continued
hiccupping until February 1990, a
total of 68 year!
• The only discomfort from his
hiccupping, he claimed, was the
constant risk of losing his false
teeth!
• During the first few decades, he
hiccupped up to 40 times a
minute, slowing to 20 a minute in
later years.
How do you cure your hiccups??
Cures?
Yawns…
• If you are forced to sit quietly for a while your
breathing may become slow and shallow.
Shallow breathing seems to trigger falling
asleep.
• A yawn involves a sudden gasp of air drawn into
the lungs. This gasp breaks the slow, shallow
breathing pattern. You don’t fall asleep!
Interesting Yawning Facts
• The average yawn lasts about six seconds.
• Your heart rate can rise as much as 30 percent during
a yawn.
• 55 percent of people will yawn within five minutes of
seeing someone else yawn.
• Blind people yawn more after hearing an audio tape of
people yawning.
• Reading about yawning will make you yawn.
COUGHS
Why it happens?
• The surface of the windpipe is very
sensitive to touch. Any bits of matter
such as food, or dust, or mucus from a
runny nose that touch this area cause
quite a reaction.
• Your lungs release an explosive blast of
air, the cough.
Remedies
• Some act to turn off the cells that produce
the mucus in the nasal and sinus passages.
• Some turn off the part of the brain that
sends the nerve signal to start the cough
action and may turn off other parts of the
brain. As a side-effect of this, you may feel
sleepy and dopey.
SNEEZES
What is a Sneeze?
• a blast of air that cleans
matter, like dust or mucus,
out of the nasal passages.
• is triggered by something irritating the
surface of the nasal passage.
• Air speeds of 167 km/h have been recorded
during a sneeze