Transcript DISEASE OF POULTRY

DISEASE OF POULTRY
DR. NAGY EÖRSNÉ
Central Veterinary Institute, Budapest
Department of Poultry Pathology
ANTE MORTEM INSPECTION


At the farm before transportation to the slaughterhouse the poultry
flock must be examined by veterinarian.
A certificate must be composed on the results of this inspection and the
pre-life of the flock

If the certificate is available – and it is negative – and it does not
indicate the necessity of special measures, the ante mortem inspection
at the slaughterhouse will include the identification of transported
flock and control of injuries took place during transportation,
furthermore the examination of dead birds.

Based on these data and examinations the veterinarian decides whether
the flock will be submitted to normal or special slaughter or further
special examination.
HUNGARIAN ZOO SANITARY CODE
41/1997.(V. 28.) FM. r.
Notifiable Diseases

O.I.E. list A
–
Newcastle disease (Paramyxovirus)
– Avian influenza (Orthomyxovirus)
– Duck plaque (Herpesvirus)

O.I.E. list B
– Fowl cholera
– Fowl typhoid
In case of these diseases the flock is slaughtered separately
– mostly at the end of the day- as it is not condemned
Diseases of Poultry  Zoonosis
Paratyphoid (Salmonellosis, except typhoid)
 Campylobacteriosis
 Chlamydiosis
 Tuberculosis
 /Anthrax/

Inspection of the surface
injuries (as consequences of transportation)
 inflammation of skin
arthritis
synovitis
(infection of Staphylococcus aureus)
 Marek’s disease (skin form)

Inspection of visceral organs and the
body cavity
Bacterial infections
Salmonellosis (Fowl typhoid)
 Pasteurellosis (Fowl cholera)
 E. coli septicaemia
 Staphylococcosis
 Streptococcosis

Septicaemia

haemorrhages and/or fibrinous
inflammation on seromembranes
– pleuritis
– pericarditis
– air sacculitis

liver, spleen conditions:
– enlarged
– friable (associated with subcapsular haemorrhages)

lungs, intestines, genitals
Paratyphoid (Salmonellosis)
Zoonosis
S. enteritidis
 S. typhimurium
 S. infantis
 S. hadar
 S. agona
 S. saint-paul
 S. bovis-morbificans …etc.

Gram negative rods with filaments
 Sensitivity: 70° C 5 min
fresh meat - 2-3 weeks
frozen meat - years
 Pathology: septicaemia (enlarged spleen, liver,
necrotic foci, enteritis (fibrinous inflammation
in caecum! - water fowl! )
 Total condemned for human consumption!
 Slaughterhouse hygenie, household hygenie
(contamination!)

Fowl typhoid
Salmonella gallinarum/pullorum
adapted to special host
Gram negative rods without any filaments
 sensitive to 70°C 5 min
in fresh meat for 2-4 month
in frozen meat for years
in water for 4-6 weeks
 Germinative transmission!

Pathology:





enlarged spleen
liver within small necrotic foci
white-grey (necrotic) nodules in myocardium
in lungs
in intestine
fibrinous inflammation of seromembranes
degenerated follicles on ovary,
salpingitis
arthritis
Poultry meat is partial condemned for
human consumption

only the affected areas are condemned
(mostly the parenchymal organs and
intestines - in case of arthritis the legs are
removed)
Tuberculosis
Zoonosis
Mycobacterium avium
 Gram negative,
Ziehl-Nelsen positive slim rods
 Main character: acid- and alcohol-fastness
 Sensitivity: (Pasteur)

•
•
•
85°C - 1 sec
72-76°C - 14-45 sec
62-65°C - 30 min
Domesticated birds: adult only
wild- exotic birds (ZOO), ostrich
 Pathology:
bad condition
grey-yellow nodules of varying sizes in
- diff. organs
- intestines
- bone marrow
 Condemned for human consumption

Colibacillosis
Gram negative rods
 septicaemia
 coligranulomatosis (intestine, mesenterium)
 CRD
 Partial condemned for human consumption

Chronic Respiratory Disease
Mycoplasmosis
Mycoplasma gallisepticum
 Mycoplasma synoviae
 Mycoplasma meleagridis
 Mycoplasma iowae
 Mycoplasma anseris
 Mycoplasma cloacalae
 Mycoplasma anatum
 Ureaplasmas





Pathogenicy varied, mostly fakultative pathogen !
In general Mycoplasmas are colonizing mucosal
surfaces
They are associated with bacteria and/or viruses
(respiratory virus infection, E. coli,
Ornithobacterium..)
stress
immunsuppression (viral diseases, mycotoxins..)
Fowl cholera/Pasteurellosis


Mainly in turkey, water fowl
Pasteurella multocida
acute form
chronic form
Gram negative coccoid-rods
Sensitivity: 60°C 2 min
 Pathology: septicaemia
arthritis
salpingitis
fibrinopurulent meningitis
fibrinous inflammation of phallus
 Septicaemia - condemned
Chronic form: partial condemned (except cachexia)

Erysipelas





Water fowl
Erysipelothrix rhusiopatiae
Gram positive rods
sensitivity: mild
septicaemia
Diff. diagn.: Pasteurellosis (septicaemia)
Partial condemned for human consumption
Staphylococcosis

Staphylococcus aureus

Gram positive coccus
Ubiquiter, pathogen if allowed entry through the
skin or mucousal membranes
Pathology:septicaemia – young birds
arthritis, periarthritis
synovitis, osteomyelitis - adult
gangrenous dermatitis
(wings, legs) in broilers

Condemned or partial condemned

Campylobacteriosis
Zoonosis




Campylobacter jejuni
C. coli
Microaerophyl, Gram negative, mild sensitivity
It is an intestinal commercial in broiler breeders,
layer-type breeders, turkey.
Hepatitis (enteritis) in poultry
Enteritis in human
Slaughterhouse and household hygiene!
Chlamydiosis (Ornithosis)
Zoonosis





Chlamydia psittaci
Intracellular
Pigeon, turkeys, ducks, gees, pheasant
Inhaling dust from feces or feather
Slaughterhose hygenie
Anthrax
Zoonosis




It occurs rarely in birds where the disease is
endemic.
Chicken are highly resistant.
Ducks have occasionally developed the disease
Ostriches are moderately susceptible, often with
high mortality.
(Dis.of Poultry. Barnes)