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Mycoplasma
支原体
组员:
张
志
强
王
聪
王
刚
徐
英
毕
叶
王
琳
琳
Content
Defination
Discovery
Classification
Morphology
Structure
Cultural character
Compassion with L-formed Bacterium
Mycoplasma
No cell wall
Prokaryotic microbe
free-living in nature
Can live in the nonliving medium
Bacteria-filtration
device
Have filament with
branches
Model
Discovery
In 1898, Nocard found Mycoplasma from
the cattle that had pleuropneumonia .
In 1937, Dienes isolated Mycoplasma from
the pus of patients.
Once they were named pleuropneumonialike organism (类胸膜肺炎微生物)
In 1962, Chanock succeeded in cultivating
Mycoplasma aitificially.
Classification
Mycoplasma belongs to
mollicute(柔膜体纲)
Mycoplasmatales(支
原体目).
Mycoplasmataceae(支
原体科)
Ancholeplasmataceae
(无胆淄原体科)
Spiroplasmataceae(螺
原体科)
Mycoplasmatales
Mycoplasmataceae
Ancholeplasmataceae
spiroplasmataceae
Mycoplasmataceae(支原体科)
Mycoplasma(支原体属)
* M.pneumoniae(肺炎支原体)
* M.hominis(人型支原体)
* M.genitalium(生殖器支原体)
Ureaplasma(脲原体属)
* U.urealyticum(溶脲脲原体)
M.pneumoniae
U.urealyticum
人类主要支原体生物学性状
Mycoplasma
Glycogen
Urea
Pathogenicity
+
Arginin
e
_
M.pneumonia
_
pneumonia
bronchitis
M.Hominis
_
+
_
M.genitalium
+
_
_
M.penetraus
+
+
_
U.Urealyticum
_
_
+
Urogenital
infection
Urogenital
infection
Mostly in
AIDS
Urogenital
infection
Shape of mycoplasma
Size: The smallest, 0.2 ~ 0.3 μ m, under
pressure it can pass though Bacteriafiltration device.
Usually spherical, double spherical,
filamentous
Vegetative mode: binary fission
Stain: hard to be stained in Gram.
Giemsa, blue
M.Pneumoniae with Giemsa stain
Structure (Under electron microscope )
Three layers: outer
and inner layers
contain protein and
glycogen, meddle
layer is composed
of lipid (cholesterol
takes up 36%)
The only cellular
organ –ribosome.
DNA and RNA, gene
is dsDNA.
Special structures:
Some contain
terminal
structure(顶端结构),
related to the
adhesion.
Capsule, has
something to do
with virulence.
Microfilament
Cultivation
high Nutritional requirements : cardin (牛心浸
液),serum, yeast steep(酵母浸液)
In pH7.8 ~ 8.0 growth below 7.0 deaths
(Ureaplasma urealyticum pH6.0 ~ 6.5)
Need 5%~10%CO2
Slow Growth,life cycle: 1~3h
liquid medium: Difficult to see the turbid
Solid medium: A typical colony was fried egg shape.
U.urealyticum:10~40 μ m, like "T" line
Antigen structure
Antigen structure: membrane protein
( use ELISA to detect) and glycolipids.
Glycolipids have strong antigens, but
have poor specificity.
Part of M.pneumoniae has capsule,
which is mainly polysaccharide.
Some have mitogen, cause
autoimmune reaction.
Resistance
Death 50℃ 30minutes or 55℃ 5-15 minutes.
Sensitive to UV, dry, heat, Cleanser and
disinfectant.
Strong resistance to: low temperature(-70
℃), thallium acetate(铊酸), crystal violet(结
晶紫).
Resistance to penicillin, etc.
The antibiotic-sensitive protein synthesis
interference.
Both the mycoplasma and the L –
formed bacterium don't have the cell
wall, their biological characters are
similar.
But what’s the Differences between
them?
Difference between L-formed and M.
Biological
character
Colony
Shape and size
Mycoplasma
L formed bacteria
Fried egg shape,
0.1~0.3mm
Fried egg shape,
0.5~1.0mm
Many kinds of
shape,0.2~0.3um
Cell wall
Without,
Heredity
Cell membrane
1/3 is Cholesterol
Liquid culture
The opacity is very
low
Many kinds of
shape,0.6~1.0um.
Deficient or without,
phenotype variation,
can restore
Without Cholesterol
Has some opacity
Mycoplasma colony
L-formed colony
Thank you!!!~