Transcript Oral Health and Hygiene Training

Oral Health and Hygiene Training
Director: Rhonda A. Kalasho
Email: [email protected]
Phone number: 619729-8068
Apprentice: John Zimmerman
Email: [email protected]
Crown — the top part of the tooth, and the
Tooth
Anatomy
only part you can normally see. The shape of
the crown determines the tooth's function.
For example, front teeth are sharp and
chisel-shaped for cutting, while molars have
flat surfaces for grinding.
• Enamel — the outermost layer of the tooth.
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Enamel is the hardest, most mineralized
tissue in the body — yet it can be damaged
by decay if teeth are not cared for properly.
Dentin — the layer of the tooth under the
enamel. If decay is able to progress its way
through the enamel, it next attacks the dentin
— where millions of tiny tubes lead directly to
the dental pulp.
Pulp — the soft tissue found in the center of
all teeth, where the nerve tissue and blood
vessels are. If tooth decay reaches the pulp,
you usually feel pain.
Root — the part of the tooth that is
embedded in bone. The root makes up about
two-thirds of the tooth and holds the tooth in
place.
Tooth Anatomy
Continued
Cementum - a layer of tough, yellowish,
bone-like tissue that covers the root of a
tooth. It helps hold the tooth in the socket.
The cementum contains the periodontal
membrane.
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Periodontal membrane/ligament - the
fleshy tissue between tooth and the tooth
socket; it holds the tooth in place. The fibers
of the periodontal membrane are embedded
within the cementum.
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Nerves - nerves transmit signals (conveying
messages like hot, cold, or pain) to and from
the brain.
Teeth Numbering and Naming
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Tooth number 1 is the tooth farthest back on the right
side of your mouth in the upper (maxillary) jaw.
Numbering continues along your upper teeth toward the
front and across to the tooth farthest back on the top left
side (which is number 16).
The numbers continue by dropping down to the lower
(mandibular) jaw. Number 17 is the tooth farthest back
on the left side of your mouth on the bottom.
Numbering continues again toward the front and across
to the tooth farthest back on the bottom right side of your
mouth (which is number 32).
Naming
How to Brush Properly
•Soft bristle toothbrush
•Tilt toothbrush to a 45 degree
angle against the gum line and
gently brush in circular motion
•Inner tooth surface continue to
brush at 45 degrees back and
forth in circular motion
•Brush the front teeth vertically
in a soft circular motion to
remove any pellicle ( protein
produced by saliva which
house cariogenic bacteria- like
streptococci which is more
commonly known as plaque)
•Also brush biting surfaces
•DO NOT FORGET THE
TONGUE! The tongue can
house over 300 million plaque
producing bacteria only after a
couple of hours after brushing
An apple a day keeps the doctor away…
not true unless you FLOSS !
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Cut about 18 inches off floss- about arms length
Rap around middle finger or pointer finger
Grasp
Have about ½ inch of space available to fit snuggly between
teeth
• Use a C-shape motion around the tooth to remove particles
that found its way underneath the gum line
• Use a clean section of floss each time
Dental Caries (Cavities)
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The best strategies to rid your mouth of dental caries are to limit the
amount of sucrose ingested, as well as brushing, flossing, and
provisional dental cleanings.
Sucrose is converted by plaque causing bacteria(streptococci) into
lactic acid which eats through the enamel of the tooth.
Fact: prior to the 17th century only about 10% of human remains from
older times had dental caries. It was the introduction of table sugar,
which is extremely cariogenic, that caused cavities to claim the mouths
of tens of millions of Americans each year.
Fact: Ancient Chinese used urine as a mouthwash to help keep their
teeth strong. If the Chinese knew the science behind it or not, they
were nonetheless successful in neutralizing the lactic acid
Let’s play Dentist
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scenario: Jane Doe walks into your practice with her hand over her lower
lip. She appears to be in pain and begins to explain to you her symptoms.
Jane Doe expresses to you that tooth 23 (lateral incisor) is causing her
pain as she bites down on it. It is sensitive when she eats soup and drinks
hot coffee. When she eats ice-cream, it stings for more than a couple of
seconds.
Jane Doe points out that her tooth is also becoming discolored. In fact,
the tooth appears to be darker than all the surrounding teeth.
She also has noted that her gum line below the tooth is swollen.
Jane Doe finally mentions to you that approximately 5 months ago she
chipped this tooth while chewing a Jaw Breaker.
So you take an X-ray…
What is your verdict on Jane Doe?
• Keeping in mind Jane Doe’s symptoms,
employ your trained eye to decipher the xray. How do you propose to treat Jane
Doe- more specifically, with what form of
treatment, and why did you come to this
conclusion?
Jane Doe’s symptoms are a map to the answer- ROOT CANAL TREATMENT
• Sensitivity to hot and cold- When Jane cracked her tooth this gave
ample space for bacteria to spread and develop. Referencing to the xray, the bacteria seemed to destroy the pulp. The inflammation and
infection spread down the root canal, often causing sensitivity to hot or
cold foods.
• Intrinsic discoloration — This is when the inner structure of the tooth
(the dentin) darkens or gets a yellow tint. This occurs when there is
possible root damage.
• The X-ray- What you see as grey/black on x-ray: Decay, abscess,
nerves and blood vessels (the pulp) and gum in the spaces between
teeth. What you see as white/cream on x-ray are enamel, metal fillings
and crowns will be white, and the dentine appears as a creamy white
color.
Treatment
• 1. Make a small hole in the tooth to reach the infected
pulp.
• 2. Measure the root canal to make sure all the
diseased tissue is cleaned. An Apex locator may be
used for this.
- Dentists use X-rays to determine the length of the
canals or use an electric device called an apex
locator.(An apex locator makes a calculation based on
the resistance to a small electric current.)
3. Use of antiseptic solution to clean the area
4. Fill the tooth and place a fitted crown
Dentist are the keepers of the ENTIRE mouth,
including the tongue.
• Red Tongue: If your tongue turns a shade of red
you might be having a deficiency of certain
nutrients. The number one cause for this is lack
of niacin (B3 vitamin found in chicken breast and
tuna). Another would be not getting enough folic
acid in your diet or anemia.
• Yellow tongue: This usually means that you
have a fungus growing on your
tongue. Sometimes it can be caused from
having a disease called acid reflux where the
acid backs up into your mouth and changes the
environment there and your tongue color
changes to yellow. (brushing with hydrogen
peroxide can take care of the issue most of the
time.
• Oral Thrush or White tongue: Oral
thrush is a fungal infection of the mouth,
the condition where the mouth is invaded
by candida albicans fungus. The organism
normally lives in the mouth in controlled
quantity. Cured with anti-fungal
mouthwash.
• Black Hairy Tongue: Black hairy tongue
(lingua villosa nigra) is the excessive
growth of fungi that normally live in the
mouth. Bacteria can then accumulate on
the finger-like projections from the surface
of the tongue. The black color comes from
the blood cell pigments. Treated with
antifungal mouthwash and tongue
scraping.
Have a Great Semester!
If you have any questions about the quiz please feel free to email me
at [email protected], or call me at 6197298068. the quiz is
tentatively scheduled for September 21st 2009. STUDY!