Transcript Taxonomy - Biology with Mrs. Flores

http://assets.natgeotv.com/Shows/10406.jpg
In this unit, the summary is shown in blue, and the
underlined words are vocabulary; the animation and video
hyperlinks are shown in orange.
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Scientists classify the diverse
number of organisms on the
planet in order to learn and
study from them into
hierarchical groups.
In this unit you will learn how
scientists classify living
things; the science of
taxonomy.
◦ the arrangement of
organisms into orderly
groups based on similarities
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Von Linne [AKA Carolus
Linnaeus] was the Swedish
biologist who in the mid1700’s developed the
biological system of
classification.
◦ 7 taxonomic levels [or
taxa]
◦ kingdom to species
http://www.ub.uit.no/northernlights/images/linne06d.jpg
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In Latin, nomenclatura =
◦ nomen "name"+ calare "to call"
Scientists give each organism a name in
classification which consists of two parts:
◦ genus + species [specific epithet].
◦ Typically use Latin because it is universal
[worldwide] and not widely spoken, therefore,
the meaning is not likely to change.
EX Tyrannosaurus rex translates to “tyrant lizard”+“king.”
http://nerdywithchildren.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/trex-fossil.jpg
http://hqwalls.org/t_rex_dinosaur_wallpaper-wallpapers.html
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Always in italics
Genus name is written 1st,
capitalized
Species name is written 2nd,
NOT capitalized
EX scientific names
◦ Homo sapiens (modern man)
◦ Felis catus (common housecat)
http://www.bio.miami.edu/dana/pix/panthera_pardus_classification.jpg
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1. A Latin name eliminates confusion caused by
regional name differences.
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EX crayfish, crawdad, mudbug are all common names
for….
Cambarus bartoni
http://bwrc.eecs.berkeley.edu/People/Grad_Students/hui
fangq/food/HuifangCookings/edited/crawfish.jpg
◦
http://wdfw.wa.gov/wlm/game/cougar/graphics/cougar4.jpg
◦ Mountain lion, panther, cougar and puma are all
common names for...
◦ Felis concolor
http://s163.photobucket.com/user/LPH_2007/media/Super%20Macro/SuperMacro2-6.jpg.html
◦ Roly poly, pillbug, and wood louse are all
common names for...
◦ Armadillidium vulgare
2. organizes large amounts of information
3. Classification also reveals evolutionary
relationships between organisms
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Phylogenetic_Tree_of_Life.png
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http://ag.arizona.edu/pubs/garden/mg/entomology/images/p4large.gif
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
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When instructed, pick up a colored piece of
paper at the front to create your mnemonic
foldable.
Each pod will need some scissors.
http://www.whoi.edu/cms/images/tree_550_74474.jpg
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Domain is the most recently added 8th
taxonomic level, which is even more inclusive
than a kingdom.
There are 3 domains shown above.
◦ Domains in the News
Three domains of life:
◦ Archaea & Bacteria contain only
prokaryotes.
◦ Eukarya contains all eukaryotes.
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1.
2.
3.
Basis of classification:
Type of cell
Number of cells
Mode of nutrition
http://culturingscience.files.wordpress.com/2010/09/3-domains-of-life.jpg
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Archaea
Bacteria
Eukarya
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Six kingdoms of life:
4 Eukaryotic
Kingdoms
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Animals
Plants
Fungi
Protists
2 Prokaryotic
Kingdoms
◦ Archaebacteria
◦ Eukbacteria
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/y_abocOeLKk/TpuITAAu8VI/AAAAAAAAHuw/SJdeqGFpZ8E/s1600/six+kingdoms+tree+of+li
fe+.gif
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A species is a
group of
organisms that are
very closely
related and can
breed fertile
offspring.
http://adapaonline.org/images/biobook_images/taxonomy_pyramid.gif
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http://www.dnr.state.wi.us/org/caer/ce/eek/critter/watercritter/images/keymap_
template.gif
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Taxonomists have
dichotomous keys to
help to identify
organisms; a guide.
A dichotomous key
consists of several
pairs of descriptive
statements to help
identify an unknown
organism.
Dichotomous key
animation
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Phylogeny – evolutionary relationships
among organisms
Biologists now group organisms
according to phylogeny (lines of
evolutionary descent), not just physical
characteristics.
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Derived characters – characteristics found in
recent parts of a lineage through cladistics;
used to construct cladograms.
Cladograms show evolutionary relationships
among a group of organisms.
◦ Caldogram animation
Crab
Barnacle Limpet
CLASSIFICATION
BASED ON
VISIBLE
SIMILARITIES