Transcript Hydrogen Production - The University of Toledo

Hydrogen Production
Sources of hydrogen
• Hydrogen is one of the most
abundant element in the universe.
• It can be produced from various
sources as 90% of the materials
contains hydrogen atoms.
• Water is an important source for
hydrogen production using
electrolysis.
Sources of Hydrogen
•Fossil Fuels are the cheapest sources
available today
•However, in the future there is going to be
a transition to renewable sources.
Hydrogen Production Technologies
Steam Reforming
• Here, a hydrocarbon gas, often
methane, is mixed with steam at a high
temperature and pressure, in the
presence of a catalyst, to produce
hydrogen and carbondioxide. The
hydrocarbon gas can also be produced
from biomass products by heating to
high temperatures with little oxygen
present (gasification).
Hydrogen Production Technologies
Partial Oxidation
Hydrogen can be produced by
reacting heavier hydrocarbons such as
oil, coal, and some biomass products,
with oxygen and steam. This is a
commercially available process and is
of interest for countries with large coal
resources.
Hydrogen Production Technologies
Electrolysis
An electric current is
used to split water into
hydrogen and oxygen.
Alkaline electrolysis, the
most common form, has
been used industrially for
over 80 years, but is now
used on a large scale only
where cheap electricity
(e.g. from hydroelectric
schemes) is available.
There is also another kind
of electrolysis called PEM
where a solid polymer is
used as electrolyte
Hydrogen Production Technologies
Biological Methods
• Several types of algae and bacteria can
produce hydrogen by photosynthesis or by
fermentation. Some methods may have
commercial potential, but most are at the
R&D stage.
Photo electrolysis
This is the most ideal and natural way of
hydrogen production without using fossil
fuels where solar cell is used that splits water
directly without electricity
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