Transcript Bacterial Classification 2014

Bacterial ClassificationA.Need for a
classification system
B. Practicality versus
Taxonomy
• Why is it important to be able to identify bacteria?
• What problems might you face in trying to identify
bacteria?
• What strategies might you use to identify bacteria?
Medically Important Bacteria
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Bacterial Taxonomy• Inherent Challenges
• 5 kingdoms versus 3 Domains
Fig. 1.14
Universal phylogenetic tree
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Bacteria
Heliobacterium
Archaea
Zea (corn)
Eukarya
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The History and Evolution of Bergey’s
Manual
1. Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology
(1923-1994)
• 9 Editions (1 volume each )-These are mainly
phenetic
2. Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology:
• 1s t edition (4volumes);1984-1989; Mix
Phylogenetic/Phenetic-5 Kingdoms
• 2nd Edition (5 volumes) (2001-2012);Phylogenetic-3
Domains
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Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology
First edition-1923 (one volume)
Seventh edition-1957 (one volume)
8th edition-1975 (one volume)
9th edition-1994 (one volume)
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Bergey’s Manual of Systematic BacteriologyFirst edition -Published in 4 volumes:
Volume 1 (1984) -Gram-negative Bacteria of general,
medical, or industrial importance
Volume 2 (1986) -Gram-positive Bacteria other than
Actinomycetes
Volume 3 (1989) -Archaeobacteria, Cyanobacteria,
and remaining Gram-negative Bacteria
Volume 4 (1989) -Actinomycetes
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Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology
Second Edition-published in 5 volumes:
Vol 1-(2001) The Archaea and the deeply branching
and phototrophic Bacteria
Vol 2-(2005)-The Proteobacteria
Vol 3-(2009)- The Firmicutes
Vol 4-(2011)- The Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes,
Tenericutes (Mollicutes), Acidobacteria,
Fibrobacteres, Fusobacteria, Dictyoglomi,
Gemmatimonadetes, Lentisphaerae, Verrucomicrobia,
Chlamydiae, and Planctomycetes
Vol 5-(2012)- The Actinobacteria
Bergey’s Overview Volume 1Domain Archae
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Archaea: The Other Prokaryotes
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Constitute third Domain Archaea
More closely related to Eukarya than to Bacteria
Contain unique genetic sequences in their rRNA
Have unique membrane lipids and cell walls
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Extreme halophiles
Hot springs, home of thermophiles
Bergey’s Overview Volume 1 Domain
Bacteria
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Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)
– Gram-negative cell walls
– Extensive thylakoids with photosynthetic
chlorophyll pigments and gas inclusions
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20 microns
(a)
(a2)
(a3)
Stromatolite
10 mm
(b)
(c)
Thylakoid
membranes
(d)
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Green Sulfur Bacteria
• Photosynthetic
• Contain
photosynthetic
pigment
bacteriochlorophyll
• Do not give off
oxygen as a product
of photosynthesis
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Bergey’s Overview Volume 2
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Plague bacteria
bubos
Volume 2-Domain Bacteria-Rickettsia
• Obligate intracellular
parasites
– Rickettsias
• Very tiny, gram-negative
bacteria
• Most are pathogens
Nucleus
• Obligate intracellular
pathogens
• Cannot survive or multiply
outside of a host cell
• Rickettsia rickettisii –
Rocky Mountain spotted
fever
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Rickettsial cells
Baca and Paretsky, Microbiological Reviews, 47(20);133, fig. 16, June 1983 © ASM
Vacuole
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Rickettsia life cycle
Bergey’s Overview Volume 3
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Clostridial
myonecrosis
(gas gangrene)
Pleomorphic
Mycoplasms
500 nm
Genus Bacillus
Genus
Staphylococcus
Staph
infections
Strep throat
Strep infection
complications
Necrotizing
fasciatus
Bergey’s Overview Volume 4
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Tuberculosis
TB test
leprosy
leprosy
Bergey’s Overview Volume 5
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Fig. 21.23.a
Chalymi
dial eye
infection
Syphilis
bacterium
Syphilis
shankars
Secondary
syphilis
Tertiary
syphilis
Taxonomy-What do I need to know for the Exam?
1. Bergeys Systematic Ed 1-Name of 4 Divisions in
Kingdom Monera (and criterion for those Divisions)
2. Bergeys Systematic 2nd Ed.
A. Names of the 5 volumes and Domains included.
B. Number of phyla and classes in each of the volumes
C. For representative organisms discussed: name of the
organism.Volume, Phylum and class/genus (if
applicable)