Vaginal Cytology Evaluation
Download
Report
Transcript Vaginal Cytology Evaluation
Vaginal Cytology Evaluation
Clinical Pathology
Vaginal Cytology Indications
Examine exfoliated cells from the vagina
Vaginal epithelium is ovarian hormonal
influenced- stages estrus for optimum breeding
time.
Knowledge of the onset of vaginal discharge
Character of the discharge
Degree of vulvar swelling
Attitude of female towards male dog
Also useful in detecting inflammation and
neoplasia of the genital tract.
Vaginal Cytology Technique
May or may not want to use a speculum
(laryngoscope may work as well).
Carefully part labia
Direct swab craniodorsally
Swab the vaginal wall
Avoid the vestibule and clitorial fossa,
superficial cells may alter results
Roll on glass slide, let dry and stain (DiffQuik)
http://www.vetmed.lsu.edu/eilts/Multimedia
files/Sound/Video/Canine%20Cytology.mp
g
Vaginal Epithelial Cell Types
Basal Cells (may not be seen)
Parabasal Cells
Intermediate Cells
Superficial Cells
Parabasal Cells
Small round cells with round nuclei and
small amount of cytoplasm
Uniform in size and shape
Intermediate Cells
May be small or large
Round nuclei, nucleus similar in size as
parabasal cells
Entire cell approximately twice the size of
parabasal cells
Cytoplasm becomes angular, irregular and
folded as cell enlarges
Superficial Cells
Largest epithelial cell
As they age and degenerate, the nuclei
becomes small, pyknotic and fades.
Cytoplasm may contain vacuoles with age
Superficial Cells Continued
Cornification is the degeneration process
Superficial cells are commonly called
cornified cells
Once nucleus is lost become Anuclear
cells
Staging the Canine Estrus Cycle
Stages of Estrus
Proestrus
Estrus
Diestrus
Anestrus
Proestrus
Bitch has a swollen vulva, reddish vulvar
discharge
Will not accept the male during this time
Duration is 9 days (with possibility of 2-15)
Parabasal cells and intermediate cells gradually
decrease in number as the cycle nears estrus
Superficial cells appear by 2-3 day and increase
in number over time
Erythrocytes are numerous and gradually
decline
Neutrophils are also present and decline
Early Proestrus
Parabasal and intermediate cells
predominate
As proestrus progresses, parabasal cells
disappear as superficial cells increase.
Late Proestrus
White Blood cells decrease in
number
Large intermediate and
superficial cells predominate
No parabasal cells or small
intermediate cells
Red blood cells or present or
absent
Bacteria is often present
Estrus
Lasts an average of 9 days
Female accepts male
Vulvar discharge is less bloody
Vulva is softer
Sometimes bloody discharge may
continue through estrus
Estrus
Superficial cells predominate (90%)
May become cornified
NO WBC’S EXCEPT AT LAST 1-2 DAYS
OF ESTRUS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Variable RBC’s
Large numbers of bacteria
Estrus-Hormonal Events
Serum progesterone increases above
anestrus range
Progesterone rise begins when LH peaks
Ovulation occurs 2 days after LH peak
Eggs take an additional 2-3 days to
mature
Fertile period is 4-7 days after LH peak
Now do blood tests to check for LH peak
Diestrus
Abrupt decrease in superficial cells
Increase in parabasal cells and intermediate
cells
Many WBC’s, then decrease in late diestrus
Variable RBC’s
Occurs average 8 days after LH peak
Lasts about 2 months
Progesterone peaks 15-30 days post estrus,
then declines
Anestrus
The transition period between cycles
4-12 months
Parabasa and intermediate cells
predominate
Few WBC’s and bacteria
Feline Vaginal Cytology
More difficult to collect
Ovulation may be induced due to stimulation of
cervix during collection
Similar to a dog, but develop at a faster rate.
Average estrus is 8 days, interval between
estrus period is 9 days if ovulation does not
occur.
Usually no vaginal or scant vaginal discharge
may be seen
Usually no RBC’s are present during proestrus
Management of Breeding
Do comparison cytology during late
proestrus and estrus
Breed every other day beginning on day 9
Use other hormonal test kits to help stage
cycle
Progesterone ELISA Assay
LH Assay