Transcript Kingdoms File - Northwest ISD Moodle

1. Explain three different ways you could group these animals into
different groups.
Objective For Today
• Identify the characteristics of the six
kingdoms
All living things are classified into one of 6 kingdoms.
The six kingdoms are:
1. Eubacteria
(Monera)
2. Archaebacteria
(Monera)
6. Animalia
4. Fungi
3. Protista
5. Plantae
The Six Kingdoms of Organisms
• In general,
differences in cellular structures and
methods of obtaining energy
are the two main characteristics that
distinguish among the members of the six
kingdoms.
Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
Until recently bacteria and archaebacteria
were together in the kingdom Monera.
Because of discoveries over the last 20
years scientists have decided that they are
so different that they should have their
own kingdom.
Each Kingdom has a set of
characteristics that bind the
organisms in that group
together.
These characteristics are not
‘rules’ but more like
guidelines.
Eubacteria
Size:
Microscopic
Cell Structure:
Prokaryotic (small and simple) cells
No nucleus (brain of the cell)
No organelles (tiny organs of the cell)
ALL Single-celled – only 1 cell big / unicellular
Eubacteria
Environments:
Found in most common
environments – water,
soil, mouth …
Nutrients:
Some are autotrophic, but
most bacteria cannot
make their own food
and therefore must live
in or on others.
FYI: one of the oldest
and most successful
groups of organisms on
earth
Useful bacterium.
Bacteria, such as Lactobacillus bulgaricus,
which turns milk into yogurt, can be useful
to humans.
Eubacteria
• Although some eubacteria cause diseases,
such as strep throat and pneumonia, most
bacteria are harmless and many are actually
helpful.
Lactobacillus casei
Streptococcus
Archaebacteria
Cell Structure:
Prokaryotic cells
No nucleus
No organelles
All Single-celled
Size:
Microscopic
Archaebacteria
Environments:
Usually found
in ‘extreme’
environments
Such as highly
acidic lakes, the
bottom of the
ocean, in ice
flows, or in
boiling hot mud
or water
Archaebacteria
Nutrients:
Most
archaebacteria
have to digest
chemicals not
useable (toxic) by
other organisms
Protists
Size:
Cell Structure:
Microscopic/Macroscopic
Eukaryotic cells
Has a nucleus
Has organelles
Some are multi-cellular
Most are single-celled
Protists
Environments:
Found in most
common
ponds, lake
environments.
FYI:
This is the ‘catch all’ kingdom. If an
organism does not fit into another
kingdom it often winds up here.
Protists
• PROTOZOA- “animal-like” protists (based on movement)
heterotrophic
some cause disease
Amoebas- use pseudopodia to move around.
Ciliates- use hair-like cilia to move around.
Flagellates- use flagella to move around.
Sporozoan- are parasites that cause disease.
Protists
• PROTOZOA- “animal-like” protists
(based on movement)
heterotrophic
some cause disease
• ALGAE- “plant-like” protists
(based on pigment and how they eat)
autotrophic
no true roots, stems, or leaves
Protists
• SLIME MOLDS AND MILDEW“fungus-like” protists
(based on body form and how they eat)
heterotrophic- decomposers
can move at some point
Fungi
Size:
Microscopic/Macroscopic
Video:
Cell Structure:
Eukaryotic cells
Has a nucleus
Has organelles
Some are Multi-cellular
Some are Uni-cellular
Environments:
Fungi
Found in most
moist and warm
areas, often near
dead material
FYI:
Used to be
classified with
plants but now
we know they
are different
enough to have
their own
kingdom.
Nutrients:
FYI:
CANNOT MOVE
Cannot make
their own food
so fungi must
live on or in
living or dead
organisms –
athlete’s foot,
ring worm,
diaper rash
Fungi
EXAMPLES:
-Yeast (unicellular)
-Bread mold
-Mushrooms
Video:
Plantae
Cell Structure:
Eukaryotic cells
Has a nucleus
Size:
Macroscopic
Has organelles
Multi-cellular
Has a large vacuole
Organ
Systems:
Has a cell wall
Complex
Environments:
Found in most areas where
freshwater and sunlight can be found
Plantae
FYI:
Many organisms
depend on plants
because they have
the ability to make
food using the
energy from the sun
= photosynthesis
Animalia
Cell Structure:
Eukaryotic cells
Has a nucleus
Has organelles
mitochondria, ER,
lysosomes
Size:
Multi-cellular
Macroscopic
Organ systems:
Complex
–
FYI: Most
animals
have some
sort of
nervous
system
and the
majority
of animal
species
live in
oceans.
Animalia
Nutrients:
Cannot make
their own food
so animals must
eat plants, hunt,
filter feed, or
scavenge for
food.
Question 1
Why do taxonomists use Latin names
for classification?
Answer
Latin is no longer used in conversation
and, therefore, does not change.
Question 2
Which taxon contains the others?
A.
B.
C.
D.
order
class
genus
family
The answer is B.
Question 3
Which of the following pairs of terms
is NOT related?
A. specific epithet – genus
B. binomial nomenclature – Linnaeus
C. biology – taxonomy
D. Aristotle – evolutionary relationships
The answer is D.
Question 4
Which of the following is NOT true of both
the animal and plant kingdoms?
A.
B.
C.
D.
both contain organisms made up of cells
tissues are organized into organs
cells are organized into tissues
cells contain cell walls
The answer is D.
Taxonomy Quiz
Get out a piece of
paper and put your
name at the top!
1. Which taxon includes the least diversity?
A. KINGDOM
B. PHYLUM
C. GENUS
D. SPECIES
2. Which of the following represents how
scientific names should be written?
A. Genus species
B. genus Species
C. Species genus
D. Genus Species
3. Which is a correct scientific name?
A. Panthera leo
B. Homo s.
C. odocoileus virginianus
D. Felisdomesticus
4. A two-word naming system used to name an
organism is called…
A. Dichotomous keying
B. Scientific epitheticus
C. Biochemicus nameous
D. Binomial nomenclature
5. Which scientist grouped organisms based
on physical and structural similarities, which
showed evolutionary relationships?
A. Mendel
B. Aristotle
C. Linnaeus
D. Hooke
6. Which of these classification groups are in the
correct order from most broad to most specific?
A. Kingdom, Domain, Phylum, Class, Family, Order, Genus, Species
B. Species, Genus, Family, Order, Class, Phylum, Kingdom, Domain
C. Domain, Kingdom, Family, Class, Order, Phylum, Genus, Species
D. Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
7. Taxonomy is
A. the study of life
B. the science of naming and classifying organisms
C. the sequence in which different groups have evolved
D. stuffing dead animals
8. Based on their names, you know that the
baboons Papio annubis and Papio cynocephalus
do NOT belong to the same
A. class
B. family
C. genus
D. species
9. Each level of classification is based on …
A. Specific characteristics
B. General characteristics
C. Shared characteristics
D. All of the above
10. All organisms that are not bacteria, belong in
which Domain?
A. Archea
B. Animalia
C. Eukaryota
D. Prokaryota