Transcript Modern biology is guided by the cell theory, the view that ______.

Modern biology is guided by the
cell theory, the view that ________.
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all living things arise from
other living things
the cell is the smallest unit of
organization capable of life
living organisms are formed
from one or more cells
cell growth and division
account for the continuity of
life
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Life is only possible within a carefully controlled
environment; the ________ functions to create and
maintain this environment.
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nucleus
cell membrane
lipid bilayer
cytoplasm
cell wall
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As cell diameter increases, ________; this is
an important factor in explaining why cells
are small.
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the integrity of the cell
membrane is challenged
the ratio of cell volume to cell
surface area becomes
unfavorable
the total membrane surface
increases, making pathogenic
attacks more likely
maintaining enough water to
support the cytoplasm becomes
impossible
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Without the aid of magnification,
the human eye ________.
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can easily see most cells and
the nucleus when properly
stained
can see objects equal to or
greater than typical bacteria
cannot see typically sized cells
can see the smallest
multicellular organisms, but not
the individual cells that form
them
can see nothing smaller than the
various tissues formed by
collections of cells
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To visualize the details of the surface
features of a cell, it would be necessary to
use ________ microscope.
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1. a phase-contrast
light
2. an ion-beam
3. a transmission
electron
4. a Normarski light
5. a scanning electron
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Although outwardly similar, the cells of
________ are so different that each is
assigned to a separate domain.
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1. archaeans and
bacteria
2. archaeans and
eukaryotes
3. bacteria and
eukaryotes
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Prokaryotes are often incorrectly described as
lacking internal organization; one structure they
share with eukaryotic cells is(are) ________.
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DNA
mitochondria
chloroplasts
cell, gap, and tight
junctions
5. ribosomes
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Cells with organelles show greater diversity
than those without organelles; what
advantages do organelles offer?
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membranes control the types
and quantities of materials
entering or leaving the organelle
the distribution of substances
can be directed
harmful chemical activity can be
isolated from other cellular
processes
the organelle's outer membrane
creates a microenvironment for
cell activities
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Modern biologists use the term
chromosome to describe ________.
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a cell's DNA when it's physically
located within the nucleus
DNA when its two strands have
separated from each other
the DNA when visible with a
microscope inside a dividing cell
double-stranded DNA and its
protein complement, irrespective
of its form
the DNA when it's dispersed and
functioning within the nucleus
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Nucleosomes are the cellular
location where ________.
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tubulin monomers are
assembled to form microtubules
amino acids are connected
sequentially to form
polypeptides
the ribosomal subunits are
synthesized
histones are combined with DNA
to form chromatin
the components of the nuclear
membrane are assembled
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The pathway for a protein destined for
incorporation into the plasma membrane
would be ________.
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lysosome -> rough ER ->
vesicle
nuclear ribosome ->
nuclear pore -> cytoplasm
rough ER -> Golgi body ->
exocytotic vesicle
smooth ER ->rough ER ->
mitochondrion
nucleus -> chloroplast ->
plasmodesmata
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Pancreatic cells synthesize and export large
quantities of digestive enzymes; to support
this activity they must ________.
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have more Golgi bodies
than typical cells
be multinucleated
have a large number of
lysosomes
be larger than typical
cells
have more peroxisomes
than typical cells
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In what way(s) do mitochondria
resemble bacteria?
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none of the choices; there is no
similarity
mitochondria contain their own DNA
and ribosomes and divide by simple
fission like bacteria do
mitochondria can produce ATP using
sunlight as early prokaryotic
organisms did
both possess flagella, which the
mitochondria use to move through
the cytoplasm
both are constructed with an inner
plasma membrane and an outer cell
wall
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If a cube-shaped cell's side doubles in length, its
volume increases ________ times, while its
surface area increases ________ times.
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4, 8
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A typical ________ cell contains
chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and
amyloplasts.
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immune
muscle
plant
animal
prokaryotic
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The depositions added to the inside of
the primary plant cell wall ________.
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are termed the secondary
wall
are much stiffer and provide
support for the plant
consist primarily of lignin
may eventually form waterconducting channels
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Intestinal epithelial cells isolate the contents of the
intestine from the tissues beneath. What type of
cell junction occurs between adjacent cells?
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gap junction
tight junction
plasmodesma
adhering junction
a lignified lamella
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Taxol is an effective antitumor
medication because it ________.
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selectively binds to the mutant
proteins that cause cancer
disrupts the assembly of
ribosomes and prevents cancer
cells from growing
disrupts microtubule assembly
and prevents cell division
rigidly stabilizes the cytoskeleton
and prevents cell division
binds to the proteins forming
gap junctions and prevents cellto-cell communication
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Pseudopodia move when ________
elongate(s) or shorten(s).
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the basal body
microfilaments
microtubules
intermediate
fibers
5. tubulin
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In multicellular organisms, many stationary
cells depend on cilia to ________.
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push bacteria away from
their surfaces
move various organelles
within the cytoplasm to more
advantageous locations
create currents that move
extracellular materials past
the cell
increase the surface area
guide the chromosomes
during cell division
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