Transcript What is Skin Cancer?

Modified from American
Cancer Society PPT
Skin Cancer Prevention and
Early Detection
Why should we study our
skin?
Integumentary System
What is Cancer?
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Cancer
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What is Cancer?
Occurs when cells in a body part begin to
grow out of control and crowd out normal
cells.
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Cancer
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What is
Skin Cancer?
Skin cancer is the
most common of
all cancers.
Most skin cancers are:
• slow-growing
• easy to recognize
• relatively easy to treat when detected early
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Cancer
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Most skin cancers are caused by too
much exposure to
????????????????
What is
Skin Cancer?
Skin cancer is the
most common of
all cancers.
Most skin cancers are:
• slow-growing
• easy to recognize
• relatively easy to treat when detected early
Most skin cancers are caused by too much
exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays, mostly
from the sun but also from tanning beds.
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Cancer
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The American Cancer Society Estimates
• More than one million new cases of basal and
squamous cell cancers occur annually in the
United States.
• The most serious form of skin cancer is m???????.
• This year approximately 68,720 people will be
diagnosed with m- and approximately 8,650 will die.
• M---- rates are more than 10 times higher in
Caucasians than in African Americans.
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Cancer
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The American Cancer Society Estimates
• More than one million new cases of basal and
squamous cell cancers occur annually in the United
States.
• The most serious form of skin cancer is
melanoma.
• This year approximately 68,720 people will be
diagnosed with melanoma and approximately 8,650
will die.
• Melanoma rates are more than 10 times higher in
Caucasians than in African Americans.
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Cancer
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Two Types of Skin Cancer
1. Non-Melanomas – (most common skin cancers)
– Include B??? C??? and Squamous Cell Cancers
– Can be fast or slow growing, but rarely spread
– Found on sun exposed parts of body like the head
and neck
– This year approximately 2,940 people will die from
non-melanoma skin cancer
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Cancer
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Two Types of Skin Cancer
1. Non-Melanomas – (most common skin cancers)
– Include Basal Cell and Squamous Cell Cancers
– Can be fast or slow growing, but rarely spread
– Found on sun exposed parts of body like the head and neck
– This year approximately 2,940 people will die from nonmelanoma skin cancer
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Cancer
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Types of Skin Cancer
2. M??????
•
•
•
•
•
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Cancer
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Can occur anywhere on the body
Less common, but more serious
Almost always curable when detected
early
More likely to spread to other parts of
body
This year approximately 8,650 people will
die from m----
Types of Skin Cancer
2. Melanomas
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•
•
•
•
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Cancer
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Can occur anywhere on the body
Less common, but more serious
Almost always curable when detected
early
More likely to spread to other parts of
body
This year approximately 8,650 people will
die from melanoma
What is Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation?
Ultraviolet (UV) rays are a form of invisible energy
given off by the sun
UV rays are divided into 3 wavelength ranges:
UV? Rays, causes long-term skin damage such
as wrinkles, but also play a role in some skin
cancers.
UV? Rays, direct damage to DNA, these rays
cause sunburns, cause most skin cancers.
UV? Rays, do not penetrate atmosphere, not
present in sunlight.
Skin
Cancer
There are NO safe UV Rays!
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What is Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation?
Ultraviolet (UV) rays are a form of invisible energy
given off by the sun
UV rays are divided into 3 wavelength ranges:
UVA Rays, causes long-term skin damage such
as wrinkles, but also play a role in some skin
cancers.
UVB Rays, direct damage to DNA, these rays
cause sunburns, cause most skin cancers.
UVC Rays, do not penetrate atmosphere, not
present in sunlight.
Skin
Cancer
There are NO safe UV Rays!
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What is a tan?
Tanning, like sunburn, is literally a form of skin
injury.
Ultraviolet radiation can damage your DNA at
a cellular level, which can lead to cancer.
Although people with light skin are more
susceptible, darker skinned people can also
be affected.
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Cancer
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What about tanning beds?
There is no evidence that tanning in a bed is any
safer than tanning in the sun -- in fact, some
tanning beds release much stronger UV light than
the sun does.
There is a ?% increase in risk for melanoma
among those who first use tanning beds in their
teens and early twenties.
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Cancer
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What about tanning beds?
There is no evidence that tanning in a bed is any
safer than tanning in the sun -- in fact, some
tanning beds release much stronger UV light than
the sun does.
There is a 75% increase in risk for melanoma
among those who first use tanning beds in their
teens and early twenties.
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Cancer
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What is My Risk For Skin Cancer?
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Cancer
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Who is prone to sun damage?
Everyone!
Everyone's skin and eyes can be affected by
the sun and other forms of UV rays.
Although people with light skin are much more
likely to have sun damage, darker-skinned
people, including African Americans and
Hispanic Americans, also can be affected.
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Factors that Increase Risk of Skin Cancer
Can you name 2?
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Factors that Increase Risk of Skin Cancer
• Individuals who are lighter skinned, have
freckles, and have blond, red, or light
brown hair.
• Individuals who work outdoors and or live
in high altitudes (due to increased UV
rays).
• Prior treatment with immune suppressing
medicine.
• Excessive exposure to light from tanning
lamps, booths or sunlight.
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Cancer
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How Can I Protect
Myself
From Skin Cancer?
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Cancer
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Steps for Sun Protection
Limit your sun exposure during
10am-4pm
Cover up your skin, especially your
arms and legs.
Wear a wide brimmed hat to
protect eyes, ears, and face.
Wear wrap-around sunglasses.
Use sunscreen of SPF 15 or
higher, and be sure to re-apply.
Avoid artificial sources of UV light
(tanning beds)
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Cancer
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What About Tanning Products?
Tanning Pills
• The additives are distributed throughout the body,
especially the skin, turning it an orange-like color.
• They are not approved for use as tanning agents and may
be harmful.
Tanning Accelerators
• Such as lotions or pills that contain the amino acid
tyrosine or its derivatives, are not effective and may be
dangerous.
Bronzers and Extenders
• Not considered harmful when used properly. These
products do not protect against UV exposure.
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Cancer
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What Should I
Know About Early
Detection of Skin
Cancer?
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Cancer
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When Should I be Screened?
Get a cancer-related checkup by a doctor,
including skin examination, every three years
between ages 20 and 40 and annually for those
40 and older.
See a doctor immediately if you notice any
warning signs.
It’s important to check your own skin, preferably
once per month.
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What Should I Look For?
Basal cell cancers and squamous cell cancers are
most often found in areas that get exposed to a lot
of sun, such as the head, neck, and arms, but
they can occur elsewhere.
Look for new growths, spots, bumps, patches, or
sores that don't heal after 2 to 3 months.
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Cancer
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Use ABCD Rule to Spot Melanoma
A (Asymmetry) one portion
of the mole does not
match the other
B (Border) edges are
irregular, notched, or
blurred
C (Color) different shades of
black or brown, patchy
colors
D (Diameter) spot is 6
millimeters across, or
growing larger
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A
B
C
D
Signs and Symptoms of Melanoma
 Change in the size, shape or color of a mole, such as:
• Signs that a mole’s border is
becoming more ragged
• Spread of pigmentation beyond its border
 Scaliness, bleeding or change in the
appearance of a bump or nodule
 Change in sensation, itchiness, tenderness
or pain in a mole or other growth
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Cancer
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How to Check Your Skin:
Face the mirror:
Check your face,
ears, neck, chest,
and belly. Women
will need to lift
breasts to check the
skin underneath.
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Cancer
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Face the Mirror
Check the underarm
areas, both sides of the
arms, the tops and
bottoms of your hands,
in between your
fingers, and fingernail
beds.
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Cancer
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Sit Down
Check the front of your
thighs, shins, tops of
your feet, in between
your toes, and toenail
beds.
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Cancer
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You will need a hand mirror for your
thighs, back, and scalp.
Now look at the bottoms of your feet,
your calves, and the backs of your
thighs, first checking one leg and then
the other.
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Cancer
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Use the hand mirror
to check the
buttocks, genital
area, lower back,
upper back, and the
back of the neck.
Or it may be easier
to look at your back
in the wall mirror
using a hand mirror.
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Cancer
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Use a comb or hair
dryer to part your
hair so that you can
check your scalp.
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How is Skin
Cancer
Diagnosed?
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Skin Cancer Diagnosis
• History and Physical Exam
• Dermascopy
• Skin Biopsy
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Cancer
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How Is Skin
Cancer Treated?
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Cancer
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Treatment Options
Surgery
o Cryosurgery
o Laser Surgery
o Skin Grafting & Reconstructive Surgery
Chemotherapy
Radiation Therapy
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Cancer
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Why Is It So Important To
Get REGULAR Skin
Cancer Screenings?
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Cancer
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Survival Rates for Melanoma
•Five-year survival rate when melanoma is found
early at its earliest stage…..99%
•Five-year survival rate when melanoma is found
after it has spread……..18%
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Cancer
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Three Things To Remember
Nearly all skin cancers are preventable by limiting
unprotected exposure to the sun.
Most skin cancers can be treated successfully if
detected early – even melanoma.
When out in the sun, seek shade and “Slip! Slop! Slap!
Wrap!”
• Slip on a shirt
• Slop on SPF 15+ sunscreen
• Slap on a hat
• Wrap on sunglasses
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