Transcript gravity

THIS
IS
HR
diagram
Life Cycle
of Stars
gravity
universe
General
Science
Geological
time
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This determines not only the life cycle of the star
but also it’s temperature and luminosity
A. Composition
B. Initial mass
C. Energy output
D. Density and gravity
A1
b. Initial mass
A1
Main sequence stars on the
Hertzsprung-Russell diagram tend to
A.Increase in magnitude as size
decreases
B.Increase in magnitude as surface
temperature increases
C.Increase in surface temperature as
size decreases
D.Remain unchanged as surface
temperature increases
A2
B. Increase in magnitude as
surface temperature
increases
A2
Compared to the surface temperature and
luminosity of massive stars in the Main Sequence,
the smaller stars in the Main Sequence are?
a. hotter and less luminous
b. hotter and more luminous
c. cooler and less luminous
d. cooler and more luminous.
A3
c. cooler and less luminous
A3
According to the diagram ,
what is the relationship of temperature
to luminosity for main sequence stars?
a. Higher temperature indicates higher
luminosity.
b. Lower temperature indicates higher
luminosity.
c. Lower temperature indicates lower
luminosity.
d. There is no relationship.
A4
a. Higher temperature
indicates higher
luminosity.
A4
According to the diagram, what is the
relationship between temperature and mass?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The greater the mass the lower the luminosity
White dwarfs have high luminosity
The greater the mass the greater the luminosity
There is no relationship.
A5
D. There is no relationship
A5
The production of heavy
elements above the mass of Fe
occurs in
a. Main sequence stars.
b. Black holes.
c. Supernovas.
d. Red giants.
B1
C. Supernovas.
B1
A massive star supernova could
leave behind
a. a planetary nebula.
b. a neutron star.
c. a white dwarf.
d. a magnesium core.
B2
B. a neutron star.
B2
The first stage of a star is called a
a. Protostar
b. White dwarf
c. Red giant
d. Neutron star
B3
A. Protostar
B3
What is the relationship between
the mass of a star and its lifetime?
a. There is no relationship between
mass and lifetime
b. As mass increases, lifetime
increases
c. As mass increases, lifetime
decreases
d. As mass increases, lifetime
remains constant
B4
C. As mass increases,
lifetime decreases
B4
What element is formed in the core of a
massive star just before the star explodes in a
supernova?
a. Iron
b. Silicon
c. Carbon
d. Helium
B5
a. iron
B5
The gravitational constant on the Moon
is smaller than on the Earth because
a. The Moon has a smaller mass than
the Earth.
b. The Moon is farther from the Sun.
c. The Earth less dense than the Moon.
d. The Moon’s radius is greater than that
of Earth’s.
C1
a. The Moon has a smaller
mass than the Earth
C1
When the mass of an object is
doubled, the force of gravity
will...
a. decrease by a factor of 2
b. increase by a factor of 2
c. Remain unchanged
d. Cannot be determined
.
C2
B. increase by a factor of 2
(could you answer a question about increasing or
decreasing the distance?)
C2
Why doesn’t a satellite in orbit
strike the Earth?
It’s beyond the reach of Earth’s
gravity.
b. In space, objects don’t weigh
anything.
c. The effect of the moon’s gravity
pulls it away.
d. Earth’s gravity is balanced by
the satellite’s outward motion.
a.
C3
d. Earth’s gravity
is balanced by the
satellite’s
outward motion
C3
What would happen to the
gravitational force if the Earth were
not spinning?
a. The gravitational force would
remain the same.
b. The gravitational force would be
significantly less.
c. Objects on Earth would float away.
d. The gravitational force would be
larger.
C4
a. The gravitational force
would remain the same.
C4
What factors affect the gravitational force?
A. rotation and revolution.
B. density and volume.
C. rotation and mass.
D. mass and distance.
C5
D. Mass and distance
C5
Scientist believe that the sun
formed about 5 billion years ago
from
a. A black hole
b. A nuclear fusion reaction
c. A nebular cloud of dust and gas
d. A supernova
D1
C. A nebular cloud of dust
and gas
D1
The Big Bang Theory is used to
explain the
a. Formation of stars
b. Movement of continental plates
c. Moon's movement around the
sun
d. Formation of the universe
D2
d. Formation of the universe
D2
The light from a distant star appears to be
shifted toward the red end of the
spectrum(a red shift). Which of the
following can you conclude?
a. The star is moving toward the earth
b. The star is moving away from the earth
c. The star is neither moving toward or
away from the earth
d. The star is a red giant
D3
b. The star is moving away from
the earth
D3
The Nebula Theory states
A. The solar system was formed ̴ 15
billion years ago in a cloud of gas and
dust
B. The universe was formed ̴ 15 billion
years ago in a cloud of gas and dust
C. The solar system was formed ̴ 4.5
billion years ago in a cloud of gas and
dust
D. The universe was formed ̴ 4.5 billion
years ago in a cloud of gas and dust
D4
c. The solar system was
formed ̴ 4.5 billion years
ago in a cloud of gas and
dust
D4
Which of the following list from smallest to
largest?
A. Universe →solar system → galaxy
B. Galaxy universe → solar system
C. Solar system → universe → galaxy
D. Solar system → galaxy → universe
D5
D. Solar system → galaxy → universe
D5
Which process takes place in a
fusion reaction?
a. Protons become neutrons.
b. Heavier nuclei form lighter
nuclei.
c. Light nuclei form heavy
nuclei.
d. Neutrons become protons. E1
c. Lighter nuclei form heavier
nuclei.
E1
In the diagram , if we call
gravitational force exerted on the apple
action, what is the reaction force
according to Newton’s 3rd law?
a. It is the apple gravitationally pulling
on the Earth.
b. It is the apple pressing on the table.
c. The apple exerts no reaction force.
d. It is the table supporting the apple.
E2
A. It is the apple gravitationally pulling on the
Earth.
E2
Keeping Kepler’s 2nd
law in mind, which
diagram below best
represents the
positions of the
planet in its orbit
that would produce
the gravitational
forces shown in the
data table?
a.
b.
c.
d.
1.
2.
3.
4.
E3
b. 2
E3
What would happen to the
gravitational force if the Earth had no
atmosphere?
a. The gravitational force would
remain constant.
b. The gravitational force would be
smaller.
c. Objects on Earth would float away.
d. The gravitational force would be
larger.
E4
a. The gravitational force
would remain constant.
E4
Which of the following equations represent a
fusion reaction within a star?
a. NaCl → Na+ + Cl- + energy
b. H2SO4 + 2NaOH → Na2SO4 + 2H2O +
energy
c. He + He + He → Carbon + energy
d. NaOH → Na+ + OH- + energy
E5
c. He + He + He → Carbon + energy
E5
Index fossils help scientists estimate the
age of a rock because index fossil
species only existed for a relatively
short time. What happened to the
species that are now used as index
fossils?
A. They became extinct.
B. They changed their diets.
C. They hid in marine sediments.
D. They migrated to new environments.
F1
A. They became extinct.
F1
Evidence suggests that 3.5 billion years ago the
atmosphere of Earth had almost no oxygen gas.
Approximately 1.8 billion years ago, the oxygen
concentration is thought to have increased to 15%.
Today the oxygen concentration is 20%. What most
likely happened between 3.5 and 1.8 billion years ago
to increase the amount of oxygen?
A. The number of animal species increased.
B. The amount of water on Earth increased.
C. The number of photosynthetic plant species
increased.
D. The amount of solar radiation reaching Earth
increased.
F2
C. The number of photosynthetic plant species
increased.
F2
A volcanic ash layer is considered
a good time marker for correlating
rocks because a volcanic ash layer
a. Has a darker color.
b. Can be dated using carbon-14.
c. Lacks fossils.
d. Was rapidly deposited over a
wide area.
F3
D. Was rapidly
deposited over a
wide area.
F3
Which geological idea allows
scientists to estimate the age of
fossils based on their positions in
rock layers?
A. Principle of Uniformitarianism
B. Law of Superposition
C. Continental Drift Hypothesis
D. Theory of plate tectonics
F4
B. Law of Superposition
F4
The half life of thorium-234 is 24 days. If a
piece of wood contained 16 grams of thorium
-234 at the time it was cut, how many grams
of thorium-234 will be present in the wood
96 days later?
A. 8
B. 4
C. 2
D. 1
F5
d. 1
F5