Transcript The ABC of Geography

BILINGUAL PROJECT
ST
1 D
2014-2015
UNIT A
1. Why do we study Geography?
2. What's Geography?
3. Our Planet: the Earth
4. The Solar System
5. Earth in motion
6. Why the seasons?
7. Orientation
8. Maps
9. Tables, Charts, Diagrams
1. WHY?
Geo-litteracy.pdf
by Canadian Council for Geographic Education
2. WHAT?
ϒεωϒραΦία =
geo “earth” + graphy “description”
PHYSICAL
HUMAN
2. WHAT
Physical Geography
Earth's surface: mountains, planes, deserts
Water: rivers, lakes, oceans.
Climate: weather conditions, temperature, rainfall
Life: animals, plants
Astronomy
2. WHAT?
Human Geography
Population: numbers and distribuition
Settlement: cities, metropols, villages
Politics: states, provinces, etc
Languages and Cultures
Economy: agriculture, industry, etc
Communication: means of transport, telecommunication
Now Excercise!
Book, page 4
Ph: physical; H: human
3. THE EARTH
It's a SPHERE
It's a planet of the SOLAR SYSTEM
3. THE EARTH
•A
GLOBE lightly
flattened at the Poles
•An
imaginary line runs
in the middle: the
Equator.
3. THE EARTH
Equator divides Earth in 2 hemispheres:
Northern hemisphere
Southern hemisphere
3. THE EARTH
NUMBERS AND FIGURES
Total Surface= 510 million Km2
Water= 71%, Land= 29%
Equator= 40.000 Km
Excercises
BooK, Page 5, n.1
4. SOLAR SYSTEM
4. SOLAR SYSTEM
Planets, Satellites,
Asteroids run around
the SUN.
SUN= a star, produces
light and heat
4. SOLAR SYSTEM
The Solar System is in
MILKY WAY GALAXY
4. SOLAR SYSTEM
Exercise page 5, on your notebook:
First Name and Surname_______________________________________
Address____________________________ City_____________________
Region____________________________ Country__________________
Hemisphere________________________ Continent_________________
Planet___________________________ System____________________
Galaxy_________________________________
5. The Earth in Motion
ROTATION
REVOLUTION
Seasons
around its axis
Day and Night
around the Sun
Year and
5. The Earth in Motion
Eppur si muove!
(Galileo Galilei)
The Earth moves:
see the video
5. The Earth in Motion
Exercise page 6: Day and Night
6. Why the seasons?
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
6. Why the seasons?
6. Why the seasons
6. Why the seasons?
EQUINOX
same duration of day and night:
Spring Equinox, 21st March,
Autumn Equinox, 23rd September
SOLSTICE
Summer Solstice, 21st June: longest day
Winter Solstice 22nd December: longest night
6. Why the seasons?
Exercise page 6: winter and summer
Exercise page 7: Solstice and Equinox
7. ORIENTATION
How can we find
direction?
7. ORIENTATION
1. During the DAY you can look at the SUN path
7. ORIENTATION
East: sunrise
South: at 12:00, midday, top.
West: sunset
7. ORIENTATION
2. In the NIGHT, look at STARS
In the
NORTHERN
HEMISPHERE:
The North Star
Or
Pole Star
7. ORIENTATION
So you have found:
THE CARDINAL POINTS
NORTH, EAST, WEST, SOUTH
7. ORIENTATION
3. Use a COMPASS:
has a magnetised
needle which always
points towards the
Earth's magnetic
North Pole.
7. ORIENTATION
Longitude and Latitude:
See file PDF
8. Maps
First see the video:
Maps
8. Maps
In geography, MAPS are one of the most important
tools.
MAPS = pictures of the Earth's surface.
8. Maps
The Earth is too big to stay in a MAP
SCALE = each map has a "scale" which indicates the
relationship between a certain distance on the map
and the distance on the ground.
Ratio or Representative Fraction (RF) = indicates how
many units on the earth's surface is equal to one unit
on the map. Exemple: 1:100,000 - one centimeter on
the map equals 100,000 centimeters (1 kilometer)
A graphic scale = it is a line marked with distance on the
ground which the map user can use along with a ruler
to determine scale on the map.
8. Maps
TYPES OF MAPS
Physical Map: shows the physical landscape features
of a place.
Political Map: does not show any topographic features.
It instead focuses solely on the state and national
boundaries of a place.
Thematic Map: focuses on a particular theme or special
topic. An example of a thematic map would be one
showing the population change of Canada in specific
locations from 1996 to 2001.
8. Maps
TYPES OF MAPS
Physical Map
Political Map
Thematic Map
9. Table, Charts, Diagrams
To organize DATA
You can use:
North
Population
1. TABLES:
Data are distributed in
columns and rows
Centre
South
9. Table, Charts, Diagrams
12
2. Graphs
2.1 Line graph: used to
indicate a trend in a
period of time
10
8
Column 1
Column 2
Column 3
6
4
2
0
Row 1
Row 2
Row 3
Row 4
9. Table, Charts, Diagrams
12
2.2 Bar Chart:
compares data.
10
8
Column 1
Column 2
Column 3
6
4
2
0
Row 1
Row 2
Row 3
Row 4
9. Table, Charts, Diagrams
2.3 Pie Chart:
illustrates how given
entity is divided up
Row 1
Row 2
Row 3
Row 4
THE END OF
“THE ABC OF
GEOGRAPHY”
PRESENTATION