Leukemia - myeFolio
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Transcript Leukemia - myeFolio
CANCER
Clint Green
Avonni Ward
Jolene Pangani
Brigidanne Brennan
Genesis 19
CANCER
Genetic disease with uncontrollable abnormal cell division.
Anywhere in the human body
Metastasis
Tumors
Over 100 types
WHAT IS LEUKEMIA?
Effects the blood and bone marrow
The spongy center of bones where our blood cells are formed.
Blood cells grow out of control- don’t die
Cells are spread throughout the body.
Estimated 52,380 new cases were expected in 2014.
Estimated deaths in 2014 were 24,090 people, which is 41% out of all cancer
deaths.
In 2011 there were an estimated 302,800 people living with leukemia in the US.
HISTORY
First discovered in 1827 by surgeon Alfred-Armand-Louis-Marie Velpeau
1845 pathologist Rudolf Virchow described the condition as having an abnormally
large amount of white blood cells.
1855 pathologist Franz Ernest Christian Neumann found that the effected bone
marrow was colored a dirty green yellow.
1962 researchers Emil Freireich Jr. and Emil Frei III usued the combination of
chemo therapy to attempt to cure leukemia which proved to be successful.
TYPES OF CELLS
Myeloid Cells
red blood cells, platelets,
white blood cells
Myeloblasts -immature
myeloid cell
Lymphoid cells
White blood cells
Lymphoblastsimmature lymphoid cell
NORMAL LYMPHOID BLOOD CELLS
• Normal lymphoblast
• Normal lymphocytes
NORMAL MYELOID BLOOD CELLS
Various myeloid cells
Normal myelocyte
Normal myeloblasts
TYPES OF LEUKEMIA: MYELOID/LYMPHOID
Type of white blood cell effected
Myeloid
myeloid, myelogenous, or myeloblastic leukemia
eosinophil, neutrophil, and basophil
Lymphoid
lymphoid, lymphoblastic, or lymphocytic leukemia
B lymphocyte, T lymphocyte, Natural killer cell
Lymphoid leukemia cells may collect in the lymph nodes, which become swollen.
TYPES OF LEUKEMIA: ACUTE VS. CHRONIC
Acute:
Develops quickly, increases rapidly, abnormal cells don’t work
A bone marrow test shows a high level of leukemia cells, low levels of normal blood cells.
Symptoms: tired, bruise easily, and get infections often
Chronic:
Develops slowly.
The leukemia cells work almost as well as normal white blood cells.
First sign of illness may be abnormal results on a routine blood test
a blood test -which become swollen.
high level of leukemia cells.
If not treated, the leukemia cells may later crowd out normal blood cells
TYPES OF LEUKEMIA
Acute Myeloid (AML)
Acute Lymphoblastic (ALL)
Chronic Myeloid (CML)
Chronic Lymphocytic (CLL)
ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA
ALL affects a type of white blood cell called lymphocytes, causing them to build up in the liver, spleen
and lymph nodes.
ALL is the most common type of childhood cancer
ALL - large number of lymphoblasts
Cells grow quickly and replace normal cell, prevents healthy blood cells from being made.
Life-threatening symptoms can occur as normal blood counts drop, harder time fighting infections.
ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA
Normal Lymphoblast
ALL cells
ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA
Myeloid stem cells become abnormal myeloblasts
Sometimes in AML, too many stem cells become abnormal red blood cells or platelets.
ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA
Normal myeloblasts
AML cells
CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA
In CLL, too many blood stem cells become abnormal lymphocytes
and do not become healthy white blood cells.
The lymphocytes do not work well- infection
less room for healthy white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets.
This may cause infection, anemia, and easy bleeding.
CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA
small, round, low grade, with soccer ball appearance
• Normal Lymphocyte Cell
• Leukemic Lymphocyte Cells
CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA
Myeloid cell changes, forms abnormal gene called BCR-ABL
Moves to blood, can go to spleen/ body
CML is chronic/slow, can become hard to treat acute
Mostly adults, some children
CML cell
CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA
Leukemic Myeloid Cells
Basophil, Eosinophil, Neutrophil
Normal Myeloid Cells
HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA
Hairy cell leukemia : chronic- gradual, rare, lymphocytes
2% all adult leukemic patients
Found in bone marrow, the spleen, and the liver from the time of diagnosis
Spleen- splenic red pulp.
Abdomen lymph nodes, although rarely enlarged
Symptoms: fatigue, increased susceptibility to infection, enlargement of spleen
More men than women, middle-aged /older adults.
It never disappears, but remission
Look "hairy" under microscope
HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA
Normal Lymphocyte Cell
Hairy Cell Leukemic Lymphocyte Cells
TREATMENT
Five major treatments
Chemotherapy
Interferon therapy
Radiation therapy
Stem cell transplantation (SCT)
Surgery
Treatments vary, but the goal is the same.
The percent surviving five years is 57.2%.
1.4% of men and women will be diagnosed with leukemia during their lifetime
TREATMENTS
AML
CML
ALL
CLL
“Watchful waiting”
Hematologist-Oncologist
DIAGNOSING LEUKEMIA
Complete Blood Counts
Tissue Biopsies
Flow Cytometry
Liver Function Tests
Lumbar Puncture
Imaging Studies
POSSIBLE CAUSES
Artificial ionizing radiation.
HIV and HTLV-1
Alkylating chemo therapy
Maternal fetal transmission
Hair dyes
Genetic predisposition
Down syndrome
Electromagnetic energy
BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/leukemia.pdf
http://seer.cancer.gov/i/factsheets/leuks-lg.jpg
http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/treatment/leukemia
http://www.pathpedia.com/education/eatlas/histopathology/blood_cells/aml-m0_blood/acute-minimallydifferentiated-leukemia-aml-m0-[3-.jpeg?Width=600&Height=450&Format=4
http://www.healthline.com/health/leukemia#Treatment
http://www.m.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/tc/leukemia-treatment-overview
http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/stem-cell-transplant/basics/definition/prc-20013565
http://www.hematology.org/Patients/Cancers/Leukemia.aspx
http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/leuks.html
http://www.healthline.com/health/leukemia#Diagnosis5
http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancerbasics/what-is-cancer