Transcript in-text citation mla format parenthetical citation

IN-TEXT CITATION
MLA FORMAT
(PARENTHETICAL CITATION)
WHAT IS PARENTHETICAL CITATION?
Parenthetical Citation is the inclusion of source
information into the text of a research paper
with the intention of giving credit to the source.
This information is contained within
parentheses ( ), resulting in its name, in order
to set it apart from the rest of the text.
A Bibliography alone does not give adequate
credit to a source; without Parenthetical
Citation, the writing is considered
PLAGIARIZED, and therefore will not be
accepted.
GENERAL RULES & GUIDELINES
Parenthetical Citations typically separate
paraphrased source information within body
paragraphs in a paper.
If all of the information within a body paragraph
comes from a single source, then it is
acceptable to put the parenthetical citation at
the end of the paragraph.
However, whenever source information is
quoted, instead of paraphrased, a parenthetical
citation is needed IMMEDIATELY after the
quotation.
GENERAL TIP – SIGNAL PHRASE
While learning the various citation rules for a myriad
of sources can be overwhelming, it helps to
remember this GENERAL TIP:
 The SIGNAL PHRASE should ALWAYS reflect the
beginning of a source’s bibliographical citation.
The Signal Phrase is the information contained within
the parenthetical citation, such as: author’s last
name OR title of the source and page number(s), if
applicable. In the following series of examples,
compare the Signal Phrase to the beginning
information in the bibliographical citation.
PARENTHETICAL CITATION
EXAMPLES
CITING A BOOK WITH AUTHOR
AND PAGE NUMBER(S):
Smoke inhalation, through either first or second-hand, is
one of the leading causes of lung cancer (Stewart 12).
- OR According to Stewart, smoke inhalation, through either
first or second-hand, is one of the leading causes of lung
cancer (12).
Use the following bibliographical book citation as a
reference for the in-text citation examples above:
Stewart, David J. Lung Cancer: Prevention, Management, and
Emerging Therapies. First ed. New York: Humana, 2010.
Print.
CITING A BOOK WITH PAGE NUMBER(S)
BUT NO AUTHOR:
In addition to medical prescriptions, therapy treatments, and a
combination of relaxation and exercise, the support of loved ones is
pivotal to overcoming cancer (Cancer Caregiving 12).
- OR The anonymous book, Cancer Caregiving A to Z: An At-Home Guide for
Patients and Families, claims that in addition to medical prescriptions,
therapy treatments, and a combination of relaxation and exercise, the
support of loved ones is pivotal to overcoming cancer (12).
Use the following bibliographical book citation as a reference for
the in-text citation examples above:
Cancer Caregiving A to Z: An At-Home Guide for Patients and Families.
Atlanta, GA: American Cancer Society/Health Promotions, 2008. Print.
CITING A BOOK WITH TWO AUTHORS:
If operable, surgery is the best method to remove
malignant tumors and cancerous cells on a patient’s lungs
(West and Stanley 12).
- OR According to West and Stanley, if operable, surgery is the
best method to remove malignant tumors and cancerous
cells on a patient’s lungs (12).
Use the following bibliographical book citation as a
reference for the in-text citation examples above:
West, Brandon S., and Donna R. Stanley, eds. Lung Cancer
Treatment. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science, 2011. Print.
CITING AN EBSCO DATABASE SOURCE
WITH AUTHOR AND PAGE NUMBERS:
Defying modern medical science, some cancer patients
claim to have eliminated their malignant tumors through a
diet of healthy and nutritional foods combined with a
regimented exercise program. In addition to their new
eating and exercise habits, these cancer patients developed
a positive and strong mindset toward beating their oncefatal illness (Lenzer 54-73).
Use the following bibliographical database citation as a
reference for the in-text citation example:
Lenzer, Jeanne. "Citizen, HEAL Thyself." Discover Sept. 2007:
54-73. Middle Search Plus. Web. 14 Oct. 2011.
CITING AN EBSCO DATABASE SOURCE
WITH PAGE NUMBERS BUT NO AUTHOR:
To nobody’s surprise, research conducted by tobacco
companies revealed that there is a direct link between
tobacco smoke inhalation and the development of lung
cancer (“Study: Tobacco Firms” 07a).
Use the following bibliographical database citation as a
reference for the in-text citation example:
"Study: Tobacco Firms' Own Research Showed Dangers." USA
Today 29 Sept. 2011: 07a. Middle Search Plus. Web. 12 Oct.
2011.
CITING A WEBSITE SOURCE WITH NO
AUTHOR OR PAGE NUMBERS:
While known for its harmful and fatal exposure, certain
amounts of radiation injected into the body of a cancer
patient has the potential to destroy cancerous cells,
causing the cancer to go into remission (“Lung Cancer”).
Use the following bibliographical website citation as a
reference for the in-text citation example above:
"Lung Cancer." RadiologyInfo - The Radiology Information
Resource for Patients. Radiological Society of North
America, Inc, 24 June 2011. Web. 13 Oct. 2011.
<http://www.radiologyinfo.org>.
CITING A WEBSITE SOURCE WITH AUTHOR
BUT NO PAGE NUMBERS:
The best strategy for fighting lung cancer, or any cancer for
that matter, is to be vigilant. As far as lung cancer detection
is concerned, CT (Computed Tomography) Scans have
proven to be a viable option for early detection (Kane).
Use the following bibliographical website citation as a
reference for the in-text citation example above:
Kane, Jason. "CT Scans Can Help Reduce Lung Cancer Deaths,
Study Finds." PBS: Public Broadcasting Service. Knight
Foundation, 29 June 2011. Web. 13 Oct. 2011.
<http://www.pbs.org>.
IN-TEXT CITATION
MLA FORMAT
PARENTHETICAL CITATION
FOR QUOTATIONS
CITING A QUOTE FROM THE AUTHOR OF A
SOURCE:
“Smoke inhalation, through either first or second-hand, is
one of the leading causes of lung cancer” (Stewart 12).
- OR According to Stewart, “Smoke inhalation, through either
first or second-hand, is one of the leading causes of lung
cancer” (12).
Use the following bibliographical book citation as a
reference for the in-text citation examples above:
Stewart, David J. Lung Cancer: Prevention, Management, and
Emerging Therapies. First ed. New York: Humana, 2010.
Print.
CITING A QUOTE FROM A SOURCE WITH
NO AUTHOR:
“In addition to medical prescriptions, therapy treatments, and a
combination of relaxation and exercise, the support of loved ones is
pivotal to overcoming cancer” (Cancer Caregiving 12).
- OR The anonymous book, Cancer Caregiving A to Z: An At-Home Guide for
Patients and Families, claims that “In addition to medical prescriptions,
therapy treatments, and a combination of relaxation and exercise, the
support of loved ones is pivotal to overcoming cancer” (12).
Use the following bibliographical book citation as a reference for
the in-text citation examples above:
Cancer Caregiving A to Z: An At-Home Guide for Patients and Families.
Atlanta, GA: American Cancer Society/Health Promotions, 2008. Print.
CITING A QUOTE FROM SOMEONE WHO IS
NOT THE AUTHOR OF THE SOURCE:
According to cancer survivor James Jamison, “I decided
that this disease was not going to define me. I would be the
one to define me” (Lenzer 54-73).
Use the following bibliographical database citation as a
reference for the in-text citation example above:
Lenzer, Jeanne. "Citizen, HEAL Thyself." Discover Sept. 2007:
54-73. Middle Search Plus. Web. 14 Oct. 2011.
CITING AND FORMATTING A LONG OR “BLOCK”
QUOTATION (MORE THAN FOUR LINES OF TEXT):
Cancer survivor James Jamison believed that the cure to his cancer was in his
own hands:
I decided that this disease was not going to define me. I would
be the one to define me. I had heard so many stories of cancer
patients who developed ‘bucket lists’ of things they wanted to
do before they died. Well, I wasn’t going to accept that this
disease was going to kill me. So, with the help of my family and
friends, I changed my lifestyle to one of health and happiness. I
was feeling better, physically and mentally, and before I knew it,
I was getting the good news from my doctor that my tumor was
shrinking and my cancer cells were disappearing. (Lenzer 5473)
Use the following bibliographical database citation as a reference for the
in-text citation example above:
Lenzer, Jeanne. "Citizen, HEAL Thyself." Discover Sept. 2007: 54-73. Middle Search
Plus. Web. 14 Oct. 2011.
OMITTING WORDS FROM A QUOTATION:
If a quotation is too long and you determine that you do not need a
portion of it, whether that portion is in the beginning, middle, or end,
simply type the quote and replace the portion you do not need with an
ELIPSIS (…). Please view the example below:
According to cancer survivor James Jamison, “I decided that this
disease was not going to define me. I would be the one to define me …
So, with the help of my family and friends, I changed my lifestyle to one
of health and happiness …” (Lenzer 54-73).
Use the following bibliographical database citation as a reference
for the in-text citation example above:
Lenzer, Jeanne. "Citizen, HEAL Thyself." Discover Sept. 2007: 54-73. Middle
Search Plus. Web. 14 Oct. 2011.
DEADLINES
OUTLINE – November 28th
BIBLIOGRAPHY – November 28th
OPTIONAL ROUGH DRAFT – December 10th
FINAL DRAFT – December 17th