Transcript Mitosis
Mitosis and Cancer
Chapter 5, Section 2
In your textbook
http://www.hybridmedicalanimation.com/anim_mitosis.html
Prophase
Nuclear envelope disintegrates
Chromosomes condense
Centrioles – paired structures
that produce spindle fibers –
begin moving toward opposite
poles (sides) of the cell
Video clip – 3:47
Metaphase
Chromosomes line up
along the equator
(midline) of the cell
Spindle fibers extend
from centrioles and
attach to chromosomes
at the centromere
Video clip – 0:28
Anaphase
Spindle fibers
separate
chromosomes at the
centromere and pull
sister chromatids to
opposite poles of
the cell
Video clip – 0:38
Telophase
Nuclear envelopes
form around each set
of genetic material
Spindle fibers
disappear
Cytoplasm may begin
to pinch in near the
center of the cell (the
mechanism for this is
different in plants than
animals)
Video clip – 1:13
Cytokinesis
the division of the cytoplasm – almost
always follows telophase.
differences in cytokinesis between plant
and animal cells because of the cell wall in
plants (animal cells only have a cell
membrane).
Cancer
Occurs when cells begin to divide
uncontrollably
Cancer (cont’d)
In normal tissue, there is a balance
between new cell growth and old cell
death.
In cancer cells, that balance is disrupted –
so a growing mass of tissue develops
This mass of tissue is called a tumor.
Benign = non-cancerous
Malignant = cancerous
Video clip – 3:10
Cancer (cont’d)
Malignant (cancerous) tumors are
dangerous because they can:
invade the organs
interfere with the functions of these
organs.
Types of Cancer
Carcinomas = most common types; arise
from the cells that cover external and
internal body surfaces. Ex: Lung, breast,
colon
Sarcomas = arise from cells found in the
supporting tissues of the body. Ex: bone,
cartilage, fat, connective tissue, and
muscle.
Types of Cancer, cont’d
Lymphomas = cancers that arise in
the lymph nodes and tissues of the
body's immune system.
Leukemias = cancers of the
immature blood cells that grow in the
bone marrow.