Transcript Understanding Cancer NIH slide 1

Understanding Cancer and Related Topics
Understanding Cancer
Developed by:
Lewis J. Kleinsmith, Ph.D.
Donna Kerrigan, M.S.
Jeanne Kelly
Brian Hollen
Discusses and illustrates what cancer is,
explains the link between genes and
cancer, and discusses what is known
about the causes, detection, and
diagnosis of the disease.
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What Is Cancer?
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Different Kinds of Cancer
Some common
carcinomas:
Lung
Leukemias:
Bloodstream
Lymphomas:
Lymph nodes
Breast (women)
Colon
Bladder
Prostate (men)
Some common
sarcomas:
Fat
Bone
Muscle
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Naming Cancers
Cancer Prefixes Point to Location
Prefix
Meaning
adeno-
gland
chondro-
cartilage
erythro-
red blood cell
hemangio- blood vessels
hepato-
liver
lipo-
fat
lympho-
lymphocyte
melano-
pigment cell
myelo-
bone marrow
myo-
muscle
osteo-
bone
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Loss of Normal Growth Control
Normal
cell division
Cell Suicide or Apoptosis
Cell damage—
no repair
Cancer
cell division
First
mutation
Second
mutation
Third
Fourth or
mutation later mutation
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Uncontrolled growth
Example of Normal Growth
Dead cells
shed from
outer surface
Epidermis
Dividing cells
in basal layer
Cell migration
Dermis
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The Beginning of Cancerous Growth
Underlying tissue
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Tumors (Neoplasms)
Underlying tissue
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Invasion and Metastasis
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Cancer cells invade
surrounding tissues
and blood vessels
2
Cancer cells are
transported by the
circulatory system
to distant sites
3
Cancer cells
reinvade and grow
at new location
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Malignant versus Benign Tumors
Benign (not cancer)
tumor cells grow
only locally and cannot
spread by invasion or
metastasis
Malignant (cancer)
cells invade
neighboring tissues,
enter blood vessels,
and metastasize to
different sites
Time
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Why Cancer Is Potentially Dangerous
Brain
Melanoma
cells travel
through
bloodstream
Liver
Melanoma
(initial tumor)
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