Transcript cancer treatmentPPT - Mr. Lesiuk

Rank
Cause of Death
No. of
deaths
% of all
deaths
1.
Heart Diseases
700,142
29.0
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2.
Cancer
553,768
22.9
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3.
Cerebrovascular diseases
163,538
6.8
4.
Chronic lower respiratory diseases
123,013
5.1
5.
Accidents (Unintentional injuries)
101,537
4.2
6.
Diabetes mellitus
71,372
3.0
7.
Influenza and Pneumonia
62,034
2.6
8.
Alzheimer’s disease
53,852
2.2
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9.
9. Nephritis
39,480
1.6

10. Septicemia
32,238
1.3
Source: US Mortality Public Use Data Tape 2001, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention, 2003.
What Cancer is the leading
killer of women?
Breast cancer?
Wrong !
Lung Cancer kills more
Women every year than
any other cancer.
What Cancer is the leading killer of men?
Prostate cancer?
Wrong !
Prostate produces key substances for the
semen. Example, alkaline chems and
simple sugars. Forms 25% of semen
Lung Cancer kills
more Men every
year than any
other cancer.
LUNG
CANCER
RESPIRATION =
GAS EXCHANGE
The lungs, a pair of spongelike, cone shaped organs are
part of the respiratory
system,they take in oxygen and
pass it onto our blood which
delivers the oxygen to our
cells. The lungs also get rid of
carbon dioxide, a waste
product of the body’s cells.
Lungs
Like all cells of the body, the
cells in the lungs divide and
reproduce at a controlled rate
to repair worn out or injured
tissues and allow for normal
growth. Lung cancer
develops when cells inside
the lungs multiply at an
uncontrollable rate. These
abnormal tissue masses are
called NEOPLASMS or
TUMORS.
Two Types of Tumors?
Benign tumors are not cancer. They
can often be removed and in most
cases the tumors do not spread to
other parts of the body.
They are encapsulated by healthy
cells, so they do not metastasize.
Malignant tumors are cancer.
Cells in malignant tumors are
abnormal and divided cancer cells
can invade and destroy the tissue
around them. They are capable of
metastasis.
Causes Of Lung Cancer: Substances called
carcinogens, damage the cells in the lungs. Over time
the damaged cells may become cancerous.
Cigars, pipes and cigarettes: the best way to prevent
lung cancer is to quit or never start smoking.
Environmental Tobacco smoke: more commonly
known as second hand smoke.
Asbestos: a group of airborne minerals that occur
naturally as fibers and are used in certain industries.
Radon: is an invisible odorless and tasteless radioactive
gas that occurs naturally in rocks and soil.
Pollution: air pollutants such as the by-products of
the combustion of diesel and other fossil fuels.
Lung diseases: certain lung diseases such as tuberculosis
increase a persons chance of getting lung cancer
Facts About Lung Cancer
More than 150,000 Americans died from lung
cancer in 2005.
Only 12-15 % of lung cancer patients are cured
with today’s treatments.
More than 90% of lung cancers are preventable.
Cigarette smoking is responsible for an estimated 87% of lung cancer
deaths. 90% in men and 79% in women.
Because lung tissue is soft and
spongy, tumors usually grow
to advanced stages before
causing discomfort. As lung
cancer is usually diagnosed in
a late stage, it has often
already undergone metastasis.
Malignant tumors spread to
other areas of the body and
destroy normal tissue. Lung
cancer can metastasize and
spread to other organs in the
body usually into the brain,
bone marrow, and liver.
Lung cancers are divided into two major groups. Small
cell lung cancer and Non-Small cell lung cancer.
Small cell lung cancer
Notice that each cell consist
almost entirely of a blue-stained
nucleus (DNA). This gives the
cells the appearance of looking
“Small" under the microscope.
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Notice the abundance of pink
cell contents (cytoplasm)
around the round blue nuclei.
This makes the cells appear
"Large."
To check for lung cancer a tissue sample
is required. A number of procedures may
be used to obtain this tissue.
Bronchoscopy : the doctor puts a bronchoscope ( a
thin light tube) into the mouth or nose and down
through the windpipe
Needle Aspiraton : A needle is inserted through the
chest into the tumor to remove a sample of tissue
Thoracentesis : Using a needle, the doctor removes
a sample of the fluid that surrounds the lungs to
check for cancer cells.
Thoracotomy : Surgery to open the chest is sometimes
needed to diagnose lung cancer
Staging The Disease
If the diagnosis is cancer the doctor will want to learn
the stage or extent of the disease.
Cat or CT scan: a computer linked to a x-ray machine
creates a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body
Magnetic Resonance Imaging: a powerful magnet linked to
a computer makes detailed pictures of areas inside the body.
Radionuclide scanning: The patient swallows or receives an
injection of a mildly radioactive substance. A machine
measures and records the level of radioactivity in certain
organs to reveal abnormal areas.
Bone scan: A bone scan, one type of radionuclide scanning
Mediastinotomy: Using a lighted viewing instrument, called a
scope, the doctor examines the lymphatic system.
Treatment depends on a number of factors including the type of
lung cancer, the size, location, and the extent of the tumor and
the general health of the patient.
Surgery: is an operation to remove the cancer.
Chemotherapy: is the use of anticancer drugs to
kill cancer cells throughout the body.
Radiation therapy: also called radiotherapy, involves
the use of high energy rays to kill cancer cells
Photodynamic therapy: a type of laser therapy,
involves the use of a special chemical that is
injected into the bloodstream and absorbed by cells
all over the body. The chemical rapidly leaves
normal cells but remains in cancer cells for a longer
time. A laser light aimed at the cancer activates the
chemical, which kills the cancerous cells.
Nutritional Oncology – Now the new frontier
Side Effects: the side effects of cancer treatment
depend on the type of treatment and may be
different for each person.
Surgery: for lung cancer surgery is a major
operation. Pain or weakness in the chest are
common along with several weeks or months of
recovery.
Chemotherapy: affects normal cells as well as
cancerous cells. Common side affects include
nausea, vomiting, hair loss, mouth sores, and
fatigue.
Radiation therapy: also affects normal cells. Common
side affects include loss of appetite, sore throat,
difficulty swallowing, fatigue, skin irritation in treated
area, head aches, nausea, vomiting, and hair loss.
Photodynamic therapy: makes skin sensitive to any light
for six plus weeks.
QUESTIONS?
Name a test that can diagnose lung cancer
What are the two basic types of lung
cancer?
What is the type of cancer
treatment that involves lasers
called?
THE
END