Transcript English - 3-Medicine%20%28chronology%29%

TECHNOLOGY MILESTONES FROM THE CHEMIST’S VIEW
III. HEALTH AND MEDICINE
Chemistry has contributed many life-saving breakthroughs in health and medicine that allow us to live
longer, happier, and healthier.
Throughout much of human history, medicine and health care were primitive. If people became sick or
injured, doctors could do little more than comfort them and keep them clean.
The last 100 years have revolutionized the way in which doctors heal patients by curing disease,
repairing injuries, and even preventing health problems before they occur. Hard-working chemists and
chemical engineers have helped to found modern medicine by developing novel pharmaceuticals,
creating new medical equipment, and refining diagnostic procedures.
Millions of human lives have been saved and improved by the health and medical advances
developed through chemistry.
III.1. Pain and Inflammation Management
Morphine
Aspirin
Cortisone
III.2. Psychotherapeutic Agents
Chlorpromazine
Tricyclic antidepressants
Benzodiazepines
III.3. Hormones and Hormone Regulators
Insulin
Testosterone
Progestins, estrogens, and oral contraceptives
III.6. Anti-infective Drugs
Salvarsan and Prontosil
Penicillin
Zidovudine (AZT)
III.4. Gastro-intestinal Agents
Evolution of ulcer therapy
III.7. Cardiovascular Management
Regulating heart beat
Treating heart failure
Affecting blood clots
Controlling blood cholesterol levels
III.5. Medical Testing and Diseas Diagnostics
Medical imaging technologies
Medical isotopes
Development of chemical assays
Evolution of personal monitoring
III.8. Cancer Chemotherapy
Evolution of cancer chemotherapy
Cytotoxic drugs
Tamoxifen
III.9. Novel Healthcare Materials
Artificial limbs and medical devices
Medical equipment
Disinfectants and bleach
III. TECHNOLOGIE MILESTONES IN HEALTH AND MEDICINE
Chronology
1899 Aspirin is manufactured to fight pain, joint
inflammation and swelling.
Aspirin, the first pills
manufactured ever
(1900)
Paul Ehrlich, the inventor
of Salvarsan
1909 Salvarsan is the first major
chemotherapeutic agent to be made.
1922 Insulin is used to alleviate high blood
sugar associated with diabetes.
1923 The chemical structure of morphine is
determined.
1927 Pregnancy test developed to detect
estrogens in urine.
1935 Prontosil cures the deadly streptococcal
infection.
Frederick Banting
and Charles H. Best
who extracted
insulin first time
The chemical
structure of morphine
1942 Nitrogen mustards begin the age of
cancer chemotherapy.
1943 Penicillin fights infection and inaugurates
antibiotic therapy.
Pregnancy test
Prontosil
1954 Digoxin is approved to treat thrombotic
disease (blood clot formation).
1954 Chlorpromazine begins modern
antipsychotic therapy.
1960 Enovid is manufactured and enters to
market as an oral contraceptive.
1963 Herbal Cytotoxic drugs are used to fight
cancer.
The picture of
Alexander
Fleming on a
glass window
The mechanism
of the action of
penicillin
The chemical
structure of Taxol, a
cytotoxic drug
1976 Tagamet inhibits acid secretion in
stomach during treatment of gastric ulcers.
1977 Tamoxifen introduces hormone blockers
in cancer chemotherapy.
1987 Zidovudine (AZT) is approved by FDA for
treatment of HIV infection.
ENOVID
Stomach ulcer
The pink ribbon, symbolizing
combat against breast
cancer, the red ribbon
symbolizing combat against
AIDS