Transcript PREVENTION AND DETECTION OF CANCER

PREVENTION AND EARLY
DETECTION OF CANCER
DR.JOYDEEP DAS.M.D.
DR.B.BOROOAH CANECR INSTITUTE
GOPINATH NAGAR, GUWAHATI
INTRODUCTION
 CANCER IS PREVENTABLE
 80 – 90% CANCER ARE DUE TO OUR HABITS
AND ACTIVITIES
 CANCER INVOLVES ALMOST EVERY PARTS
OF THE BODY
 CANCER
CELLS
MULTIPLY
IN
AN
UNCONTROLLABLE & HAPAZARD MANNER
SCENARIO
 CANCER IS THE CAUSE OF 12% OF ALL
DEATHS
 IN INDIA 1.5 – 2 MILLION ESTIMATED
CANCER CASES AT ANY POINT OF
TIME
 EVERY YEAR 8 LAKHS NEW CASES
ARE DETECTED IN INDIA
 EVERY YEAR 5.5 LAKHS CANCER
PATIENTS DIE IN OUR COUNTRY
FACTS ABOUT CANCER
 70 – 80 % CANCER CASES ARE
DETECTED AT LATE STAGE WHEN
TREATMENT IS NOT POSSIBLE
 EARLY DETECTION OF CANCER HELPS
IN COMPLETE CURE OF SOME
CANCER
 PREVENTION BY TAKING SOME
PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES IS THE
BEST WAY TO PREVENT CANCER
CAUSES - TOBACCO
 CIGARETTE SMOKING IS A MAJOR
CAUSE OF CANCER
 SMOKING MAY BE – ACTIVE OR
PASSIVE – BOTH ARE HARMFUL
 CONSUMPTION OF TOBACCO IN FORM
OF KHAINI, ZARDA AND GHUTKA
ALSO CAUSES CANCER
 TOBACCO NOT ONLY CAUSES CANCER
BUT ALSO OTHER DISEASES
CAUSES – BETELNUT
 BETELNUT CONTAINS CARCINOGENS
 THE NUTS KEPT BURRIED IN THE
GROUND FOR LOND PERIOD LEADS
TO THE GROWTH OF FUNGUS WHICH
IS CARCINOGENIC
 PEOPLE CONSUMING BETELNUT ALSO
HAVE THE HABIT OF CONSUMING
TOBACCO
CAUSES - ALCOHOL
 ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION LEADS TO
CANCER OF ORAL CAVITY, PHARYNX,
LARYNX, ESOPHAGUS, STOMACH,
LIVER
 PEOPLE WHO DRINK ALSO SMOKES
FURTHER INCREASING THE RISK OF
DEVELOPING CANCER
CAUSES – FAT/FIBRE
 HIGH INTAKE OF FAT (ANIMAL)
INCREASES
THE
RISK
OF
DEVELOPING CANCER (BREAST AND
COLON)
 DIETARY FIBRE OF PLANT ORIGIN
HAS A PROTECTIVE ROLE AGAINST
CANCER
CAUSES – BARBEQUED FOOD
 HIGH FAT AND HIGH PROTEIN FOOD
WHEN
GRILLED
AT
HIGH
TEMPARATURE
PRODUCES
A
CHEMICAL KNOWN TO BE HAVING
CARCINOGENIC EFFECT
 HIGHLY BROWN AND CHARRED FOOD
HAS CANCER CAUSING COMPOUNDS
CAUSES - POLLUTION
 AIR POLLUTION – MAY ALSO CAUSE
CANCER (ASBESTOS)
 INDUSTRIAL WORKERS ARE EXPOSED
TO VARIOUS CHEMICALS WHICH ARE
KNOWN TO BE CARCINOGEN
CAUSES – WATER POLLUTION
 WATER MAY CONTAIN A NUMBER OF
CANCER CAUSING SUBSTANCE AS THE
INDUSTRIES
DUMP
CHEMICAL
DIRECTLY INTO WATER OR BURRY
THEM IN THE GROUND
CAUSES – X-RAY
 X-RAYS
MAY
STIMULATE
THE
DEVELOPMENT OF CANCER
 REPEATED
X-RAYS
SHOULD
BE
AVOIDED
 X-RAY DONE ON PREGNANT WOMEN
MAY INCREASE THE FREQUENCY OF
CHILDHOOD CANCER
CAUSES - VIRUS
 CERTAIN VIRUSES MAY CAUSE CANCER
 THESE VIRUSES ARE – HEPATITIS –B & C,
EPSTEIN BARR VIRUS, HUMAN PAPILLOMA
VIRUS, CMV. Etc.
 THESE VIRUSES CAN BE TRANSMITTED BY
BLOOD
TRANSFUSION,
USE
OF
CONTAMINATED NEEDLES, FROM MOTHER
TO CHILD DURING PREGNANCY OR BREAST
FEEDING
AND
THROUGH
SEXUAL
INTERCOURSE
CAUSES - HERIDITY
 FEW
CANCER
LIKE
RETINOBLASTOMA (EYE),
COLON
CANCER
ARISING
FROM
GENETICALLY CAUSED POLYPS
 EVEN
BREAST
CANCER
ESOPHAGEAL CANCER
AND
EARLY DETECTION OF CANCER
 CANCER DEVELOPS IN THE BODY
VERY SILENTLY
 UNTIL IT COMES TO CERTAIN STAGE
PATIENTS LEAD A NORMAL LIFE
WITHOUT ANY COMPLAINTS
 INITIALLY
IT
PRODUCES
MILD
SMPTOMS AS FOUND IN OTHER
AILMENTS
WHY EARLY DETECTION IS
IMPORTANT ?
 DISEASE DETECTED AT EARLY STAGE
PRODUCES BETTER RESULTS ON
TREATMENT AND EVEN CURE
 ADVANCED DISEASE SHOWS POOR
RESULT ON TREATMENT
 ADVANCED
DISEASE
LEADS
TO
FINANCIAL
AND PSYCHOLOGICAL
BURDEN
HOW TO DETECT DISEASE EARLY
SEVEN DANGER SIGNALS
 CHANGE IN BLADDER & BOWEL HABITS
 SORE THROAT NOT HEALING
 UNUSUAL BLEEDING OR DISCHARGE
 THICKENING OR LUMP IN BREAST OR
ANYWHERE
 INDIGESTION AND DIFFICULTY IN
SWALLOWING
 OBVIOUS CHANGE IN WAT OR MOLE
 NAGGING COGH OR HOARSENESS OF VOICE
LARYNGEAL CANCER – WARNING
SIGNS
 PERSISTENT HOARSENESS
 SORENESS IN RHE NECK
 FELLING OF HAVING A LUMP IN THE
THROAT
 DIFFICULTY IN SWALLOEING
RISK FACTORS – TOBACCO CONSUMPTION
AND ALCOHOL INTAKE
ORAL CANCER – WARNING SIGNS
 PERSISTENT WHITE OR RED PATCHES,
USUALLY PAINLESS
 ANY PERSISTENT LUMP OR SWELLING
RISK FACTORS – TOBACCO CONSUMPTION
AND ALCOHOL INTAKE
LUNG CANCER – WARNING SIGNS





CHRONIC COUGH
COUGHING OUT OF BLOOD
CHANGE IN THE VOICE
CHEST PAIN
SHORTNESS OF BREATH
RISK FACTORS – SMOKING, EXPOSURE TO
ASBESTOS, COAL TAR
DERIVATIVES AND RADIATION
BREAST CANCER – WARNING SIGNS
 FIRM LUMP
 SMALL CHANGES IN THE NIPPLE
 DISCHARGE FROM THE NIPPLE
RISK FACTORS – EARLY MENSTRUATION
LATE MENOPAUSE
FIRST CHILD AFTER 35 YRS OF AGE
CHILDLESSNESS
FAMILY HISTORY - BREAST CANCER
HIGH FAT & LOW FIBRE DIET
CERVICAL
SIGNS
CANCER
–
WARNING
 ABNORMAL BLEEDING
BETWEEN
PERIODS
 BLEEDING AFTER INTERCOURSE
 PROLONGED
HEAVY
BLEEDING
DURING MENSTRUATION
RISK FACTORS - FREQUENT SEXUAL
INTERCOURSE AT AN EARLY AGE,
MULTIPLE SEX PARTNERS, MANY
CHILDREN
COLORECTAL CANCER – WARNING
SIGNS
 BLOOD IN STOOL
 FEELING OF BEING BLOATED
 CHANGE IN BOWEL HABITS
 CONSTIPATION
COLORECTAL CANCER – RISK
FACTORS





AGE OVER 40
FAMILY HISTORY
H/O INFALMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS
PAST H/O OF BREAST OR OTHER
REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN CANCER IN
FEMALE
 HIGH CONSUMPTION OF RED MEAT
AND LOW FIBRE DIET
ESOPHAGEAL CANCER – WARNING
SIGNS
 DIFFICULTY IN SWALLOWING
 RECURRENT INDIGESTION
RISK FACTORS
 SMOKING
 ALCOHOL
 DEFICIENCY OF VITAMINS AND
MINERALS
MODALITIES OF TREATMENT
 SURGERY
 RADIOTHERAPY
 CHEMOTHERAPY
TREATMENT - SURGERY
 OLDEST TREATMENT
 LOTS OF ADVANCEMENT HAVE TAKEN
PLACE OVER LAST FEW YEARS
 SURGERY HAS ROLE IN PREVENTION
OF CANCER – REMOVAL OF NONVITAL ORGAN
 DIAGNOSIS – ASPIRATION, BIOPSY,
LAPAROTOMY
TREATMENT - RADIOTHERAPY
 WIDELY USED
 TELETHERAPY – WHEN THE TUMOR IS
AT A DISTANCE FROM THE SOURCE,
THESE INCLUDE – COBALT-60 AND
LINEAR ACCELERATOR
 BRACHTHERAPY
–
SOURCE
OF
RADIATION IS CLOSE TO THE TUMOR
OR WITHIN THE TUMOR
TREATMENT - CHEMOTHERAPY
 CHEMOTHERAPY MEANS TREATMENT
OF CANCER WITH DRUGS
 CHEMOTHERAPY INTEREFERS WITH
CELL DIVISION
 USED ALONE OR IN COMBINATION
WITH RADIATION OR SURGERY
NEWER TREATMENTS
 IMMUNOTHERAPY
 GENE THERAPY
THANK YOU