Transcript Body Structure - Objectives including colors & Oncology

Chapter 2
Body Structure, Color,
and Oncology
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1
OBJECTIVES
Identify anatomic structures of the human body
Define and spell the word parts
Build and analyze medical terms using word parts
Define, pronounce, and spell medical terms
related to body structure, color, and oncology
Interpret the meanings of the abbreviations
Read medical documents and interpret medical
terminology contained in them
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Organization of the Human Body
cell: basic unit of all life
tissue: similar cells that perform a specific
task
organ: two or more kinds of tissue that
together perform special body functions
system: a group of organs that work
together to perform complex body functions
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Organization of the Body
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Body Cells
The human body is composed of trillions of
cells of various sizes and shapes
cell membrane: boundary of a cell
 cytoplasm: makes up the body of a cell
 nucleus: structure in center containing
chromosomes

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Body Cell
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Types of Tissue
muscle tissue: produces movement
nervous tissue: conducts impulses to and from
the brain
connective tissue: connects, supports,
penetrates, and encases various body structures
epithelial tissue: found in the skin and lining of
the blood vessels
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Types of Tissues
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Organization of the Human Body
(cont’d)
chromosomes: 46 in human cells except for
mature sex cell, which has 23
genes: regions within the chromosome
(determine hereditary characteristics)
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid): each gene is
composed of DNA, a chemical that regulates the
activities of the cell
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Body Cavities
cranial: brain
spinal: spinal cord
thoracic: heart, lungs, esophagus, trachea, bronchi
abdominal: stomach, intestines, kidneys, liver,
gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, ureters
pelvic: urinary bladder, certain reproductive
organs, part of large intestine, rectum
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Body Cavities
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Combining Forms
for Body Structure
aden/o
cyt/o
epitheli/o
fibr/o
hist/o
kary/o
lip/o
my/o
neur/o
organ/o
sarc/o
system/o
viscer/o
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Combining Forms Commonly
Used with Body Structure Terms
cancer/o, carcin/o
eti/o
gno/o
iatr/o
lei/o
onc/o
path/o
rabd/o
somat/o
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Combining Forms for Colors
chlor/o
chrom/o
cyan/o
erythr/o
leuk/o
melan/o
xanth/o
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Prefixes
diadyshyperhypometaneoproCopyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Suffixes
-al, -ic, -ous
-cyte
-gen
-genesis
-genic
-logist
-logy
-oid
-oma
-osis
-pathy
-plasia
-plasm
-sarcoma
-sis
-stasis
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Suffixes Containing “gen”
-gen: substance that produces or
causes
Example: carcino/gen: substance that
causes cancer
-genic: producing, originating, causing
Example: cyt/o/genic producing cells
-genesis: origin, cause
Example: onc/o/genesis: cause of tumors
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Oncology Terms Built
from Word Parts
carcinoma
fibroma
liposarcoma
melanocarcinoma
myoma
melanoma
rhabdomyosarcoma
sarcoma
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Analyzing Terms Which Appear to Be
Built From a Prefix and Suffix
“neoplasm” is built from what looks like a
prefix and a suffix: the word root is embedded
in the suffix. S(WR) is used in the “Building
Medical Terms” exercises to indicate this.
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Pronunciation Guide
The following is a simple guide to use for
practicing pronunciation of the medical terms.

The pronunciations are only approximate;
however, they are adequate to meet the needs of
the beginning student
In respelling for pronunciation, words are
minimally distorted to indicate phonetic sound
Example: doctor (dok-tor), gastric (gas-trik)
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Pronunciation Guide (cont’d)
Diacritical marks are used over vowels to
indicate pronunciation. The macron (―) is
used to indicate the long vowel sounds.
Example: donate (dō-nāte)
hepatoma (hep-a-tō-ma)
ā as in ate, say
ē as in eat, beet, see
ī as in i, mine, sky
ō as in oats, so
ū as in unit, mute
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Pronunciation Guide (cont’d)
Vowels with no markings have the short
sound.
Example: discuss (dis-kus)
medical (med-i-kal)
a as in at, lad
e as in edge, bet
i as in itch, wish
o as in ox, top
u as in sun, come
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Pronunciation Guide (cont’d)
An accent mark is the stress on a certain
syllable. The primary accent is indicated by
capital letters, and the secondary accent
(which is stressed, but not as strongly as the
primary accent) is indicated by italics.
Example: altogether (all-tū-GETH-er)
pancreatitis (pan-krē-a-TĪ-tis)
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Oncology Terms Not Built
from Word Parts
benign
malignant
remission
in vitro
in vivo
encapsulated
cancer in situ
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Body Structure Terms
Built from Word Parts
cancerous
carcinogen
carcinogenic
cyanosis
cytogenic
cytoplasm
erythrocyte
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Body Structure Terms Built
from Word Parts (cont’d)
erythrocytosis
etiology
histology
hyperplasia
hypoplasia
karyocyte
leukocyte
leukocytosis
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Blood Cells
1, (red) / cv / (cell[s])
2, (white) / cv / (cell[s])
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Body Structure Terms Built
from Word Parts (cont’d)
myopathy
neopathy
neuroid
oncogenic
oncologist
pathology
somatic
xanthosis
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Abbreviations
Ca
chemo
Dx
mets
Px
RBC
RXT
WBC
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